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鼻音 (辅音)

鼻音是按发音方法分类的一类辅音。发音时,口腔中的气流通路被阻塞,软颚下垂,气流通过鼻腔,与气流从口腔流出的口腔辅音相对。 (少数的挤喉音可能同时具有口腔辅音与鼻音的性质。)一般的鼻音也可以视为塞音的一种,因为发音的时候,气流通路被阻碍。有些发音方法会与鼻音混淆,例如半母音

中古汉语的明、泥、日、疑等声母普通话的m、n都是鼻音。 唇齿鼻音[ɱ]通常见于同位异音,几乎没有作为独立音素出现。

以信号处理的观点来看,口腔和鼻腔的结合会在频谱上产生零点,也因此传统的全极点模型并不能适当地描述鼻音的口腔模型。 [来源请求]从声谱图上观之,鼻音的第一共振峰所处的频率会移至较低频的位置(约在250Hz),而零点的产生会造成鼻音在第一共振峰频率以上的能量,有大幅衰减的现象发生,此能量衰减的现象若与鼻音相邻的元音相互对照,会更形明显,因此这种能量衰减的现像是辨别鼻音的方法之一。

参考资料

  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian. The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. 1996. ISBN 0-631-19814-8 (英语). 
  • Ferguson (1963) 'Assumptions about nasals', in Greenberg (ed.) Universals of Language, pp 50–60.
  • Saout, J. le (1973) 'Languages sans consonnes nasales', Annales de l Université d'Abidjan, H, 6, 1, 179–205.
  • Williamson, Kay (1989) 'Niger–Congo overview', in Bendor-Samuel & Hartell (eds.) The Niger–Congo Languages, 3–45.

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鼻音 (辅音)
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