For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for
黑麋鹿.
黑麋鹿(拉科塔语:Heȟáka Sápa;英语:Black Elk;1863年12月—1950年8月19日),北印地安奥格拉拉[1]苏族人,身兼猎人、战士、巫医及先知等角色,为北美印第安战争中的印地安领袖疯马之堂弟(其父与疯马之父为堂兄弟)。9岁时曾目睹“伟大的幻景”(灵视,vision)。1882年(19岁)开始行医。1886年(23岁)曾参加表演团赴芝加哥、纽约、伦敦等地演出“麋鹿仪式”,英国维多利亚女王曾亲临观赏[2]。曾参与多次与白人的战役,包括1890年(27岁)的伤膝河之役。
黑麋鹿于1892年(29岁)与第一任妻子Katie War Bonnet结婚,她及三位子女皆受洗成为天主教徒。1903年(40岁),在其第一任妻子逝世后,他也受洗,并以尼古拉斯·黑麋鹿(Nicholas Black Elk)这个名字担任传教员。1905年(45岁)他与第二任妻子Anna Brings White结婚,她逝世于1941年。
晚年近乎全盲的黑麋鹿,在1930年(67岁)结识了诗人约翰·内哈特。应内哈特之邀,他于1931年间陆陆续续述说其前半生及族裔兴衰,由其子班雅明(Benjamin)翻译,内哈特之女爱妮德(Enid)速记,在1932年出版为《黑麋鹿如是说》(1932)一书,是今日研究印地安历史、传统信仰、神话的重要文本。而其中记载的黑麋鹿的灵视经验、与神明对谈,及许多部落仪式,特别为心理学家卡尔·荣格及神话学家约瑟夫·坎伯等人所重视[3]。
- ^ 奥格拉拉部落为七个说拉科塔语的部落之一(拉科塔族为苏族在西部的一族),红云、疯马也出身于此部落,坐牛则出身于胡克帕哈部落。
- ^ 参考黑麋鹿口述,约翰·内哈特纪录,宾静荪译:《巫士.诗人.神话:黑麋鹿如是说》(台北:立绪文化,2003),页199-201。另外,黑麋鹿并非真的乐于仪式的演出,但其对维多利亚女王的印象很好。
- ^ 《巫士.诗人.神话:黑麋鹿如是说》,内容简介。
{{bottomLinkPreText}}
{{bottomLinkText}}
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by
contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
{{current.index+1}} of {{items.length}}
Thanks for reporting this video!
This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you're using HTTPS Everywhere or you're unable to access any article on Wikiwand, please consider switching to HTTPS (https://www.wikiwand.com).
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you are using an Ad-Blocker, it might have mistakenly blocked our content.
You will need to temporarily disable your Ad-blocker to view this page.
✕
This article was just edited, click to reload
Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}
Follow Us
Don't forget to rate us
Oh no, there's been an error
Please help us solve this error by emailing us at
support@wikiwand.com
Let us know what you've done that caused this error, what browser you're using, and whether you have any special extensions/add-ons installed.
Thank you!