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G型主序星

太阳是黄矮星的标准范例。

黄矮星,在天文学上的正式名称为GV恒星,是光谱型态为G,发光度为V主序星。这一类恒星的质量大约在0.8至1.2太阳质量,表面的有效温度在5,300至6,000K[1],表VII、VIII。。与其他的主序星一样,GV恒星在核心进行将融合成核聚變反应。[2]对于地球来说太阳是最著名的,也是最易见到的GV恒星,每秒钟将大约6亿吨的转换成,将400万吨的质量转换成能量[3][4]其他的GV恒星,还有南门二(半人马座α)、鲸鱼座τ飞马座51[5][6][7]

黄矮星其实是一个错误的名称,因为光谱类型为G的恒星实际颜色是从白色到黄色的,像太阳在早期的颜色是白色,只有到晚期才会成为黄色。[8]参考光谱分类的颜色与光谱图,太阳实际上是白黄色的(当前太阳为G2V型主序星[9],如果不做颜色修饰,在太空中看起来太阳的颜色当为色号#fff5f2[8]),而在地平线附近的太阳呈现红色,则是大气层的瑞利散射造成的。

一颗GV恒星燃烧的生命期大约是100亿年,当他耗尽了核心的氢燃料之后,这一类恒星便会膨胀许多倍,发展成一颗红巨星,像是毕宿五(金牛座α)。[10]最后,这颗红巨星会抛掉它外层的气体,成为行星状星云,而这时裸露出来的核心便是一颗体积小、密度高的白矮星,在往后的岁月中只会持续的降温与压缩。[2]

参考资料

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  1. ^ Empirical bolometric corrections for the main-sequence页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), G. M. H. J. Habets and J. R. W. Heintze, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement 46 (November 1981), pp. 193–237.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Stellar Evolution: Main Sequence to Giant页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), class notes, Astronomy 101, Valparaiso University, accessed on line 2007-06-19.
  3. ^ Why Does The Sun Shine?页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), lecture, Barbara Ryden, Astronomy 162, Ohio State University, accessed on line 2007-06-19.
  4. ^ Sun页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), entry at ARICNS, accessed 2007-06-19.
  5. ^ Alpha Centauri A页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), SIMBAD query result. Accessed on line 2007-12-04.
  6. ^ Tau Ceti页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), SIMBAD query result. Accessed on line 2007-12-04.
  7. ^ 51 Pegasi页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), SIMBAD query result. Accessed on line 2007-12-04.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 What Color Are the Stars?页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Mitchell N. Charity's webpage, accessed 2007-11-25
  9. ^ Garrison, R. F. A Hierarchy of Standards for the MK Process. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1994, 60: 3. Bibcode:1994ASPC...60....3G. 
  10. ^ SIMBAD, entry页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) for Aldebaran, accessed on line 2007-06-19.

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G型主序星
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