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墨卡托级数

数学内,墨卡托级数Mercator series)或者牛顿-墨卡托级数Newton–Mercator series)是一个自然对数泰勒级数

使用大写sigma表示则为

当 −1 < x ≤ 1时,此级数收敛于自然对数(加了1)。

历史

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这级数被尼古拉斯·墨卡托牛顿和Gregory Saint-Vincent分别独立发现。首先被墨卡托出版于其1668年时的著作Logarithmo-technica

推导

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这级数可以由泰勒公式导出,借由不断地计算第n次ln xx = 1时的微分,一开始是

或者,我们可以从有限的等比数列开始(t ≠ −1)

这可以导出

然后得到

接着逐项积分,

若−1 < x ≤ 1,余项会在时趋近于零。


这个表示法可以重复积分k次,得到


这里的

都是x的多项式。[1]

特例

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令墨卡托级数里面的x = 1,则我们会得到交错调和级数

复数级数

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下面的复数幂级数

是ln(1 + z)的泰勒级数,这里ln代表复对数complex logarithm)的主要分支(principal branch)。这个级数收敛于一个开放的单位圆盘 |z| < 1 以及圆 |z| = 1 , z = -1除外 (根据阿贝尔判别法),而且这里的收敛对每个半径小于一的圆盘一致的

参考资料

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  1. ^ Medina, Luis A.; Moll, Victor H.; Rowland, Eric S. Iterated primitives of logarithmic powers. 2009. arXiv:0911.1325可免费查阅. 
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墨卡托级数
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