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鲻鱼

鲻鱼
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri
目: 鲻形目 Mugiliformes
科: 鲻科 Mugilidae
属: 鲻属 Mugil
种:
鲻鱼 M. cephalus
二名法
Mugil cephalus
Linnaeus, 1758
异名
  • Mugil dobula
    Günther, 1861
  • Mugil muelleri
    Klunzinger, 1880
  • Mugil japonicus
    Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
  • Mugil hypselosoma
    Ogilby, 1897
  • Mugil our
    Forsskål, 1775
  • Mugil cephalotus
    Valenciennes, 1836
  • Mugil mulleri
    Klunzinger, 1880
  • Mugil provensalis
    Risso, 1810
  • Mugil gelatinosus
    Klunzinger, 1872
  • Mugil crenilabis our
    Forsskål, 1775
  • Myxus caecutiens
    Günther, 1876
  • Mugil mexicanus
    Steindachner, 1876
  • Mugil occidentalis
    Castelnau, 1873
  • Mugil lineatus
    Valenciennes, 1836
  • Mugil albula
    Forster, 1801
  • Myxus barnardi
    Gilchrist & Thompson, 1914
  • Mugil grandis
    Castelnau, 1879
  • Mugil cephalus ashanteensis
    Bleeker, 1863

鲻鱼,又称乌鱼乌头青头仔(幼鱼)、奇目仔(成鱼)、信鱼正乌,为鲻属的一种鱼,广泛分布于热带、亚热带及温带的咸淡水域中。[1]

特征

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意大利托斯卡尼地区捕获的一条鲻鱼的头部

本鱼体圆而长,头部略扁而尾部稍侧扁。成鱼之脂性眼睑发育完善,有时将瞳孔完全掩盖。主上颌骨不向下弯至前颌骨下方。背部中央无隆起棱脊。体侧有6至7条暗色纵带,胸鳍基部上半1/2处有一黑色斑块。具有巨大的背鳍上有硬棘4枚和软条8枚,臀鳍鳍条8枚。整个身体有栉鳞,并常有黏液分泌,以增加保护性,无侧线。体长可长120公分。

生态习性

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鲻鱼广泛分布于全球的温、热带海域的沿岸。喜栖息在入海口,水深0至120。幼鱼常溯河入淡水河川。产卵期时会洄游至外海产卵。利用其鳃耙滤取有机物为食。对环境的适应性很强,遭污染的港湾、河川皆能生存。

经济利用

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台湾的乌鱼子

乌鱼属于高经济价值的食用鱼,鱼苗多在每年3、4月间出现,很多渔民均在这段期间打开水闸,将幼苗放进基围,并投喂饲料如麻枯、黄豆渣、花生枯等,以期他们快速成长,赶及冬天前出鱼收成。 乌鱼子、乌鱼膘和乌鱼肫合称“乌鱼三宝”,已孕雌鱼的卵巢鱼卵统称“乌鱼子”,是盐渍水产加工食品[2]。雄鱼的精囊是一道名菜,即乌鱼鳔,肉质美味,加红烧,或是煮汤,甚至煮麻油乌鱼皆适宜。乌鱼肫是乌鱼的胃也叫称乌鱼胗,这三项极具经济价值的食材,使乌鱼成为台湾一带渔民的“乌金”。

史籍记载

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观之乌鱼,两眼从额头突出,看起来非常威严,全身都是深绿色斑点,喜欢身居海水清浊之间,在海中蛇行回游环绕,好动刁钻,围入网中遇惊吓会奋不顾身往上跳跃,至死不屈,不易捕获,老一辈的人称之为“𬶐乌”。台海采风图考云:“𬶐鱼黑色如鳅,长不盈尺,二目突出于额,身多绿斑。志称多在海边泥涂中,善跳跃,土人以为美味。置于地上能跳,亦能行数步。”(花跳?) 如畜池中,有跳石上毙者。

台湾府志’称:“乌鱼,即《本草》之鲻鱼;海港所产甚盛。冬至前捕之,曰正头乌,则肥而味美;至后捕之,曰回头乌,则瘦而味劣。官征税,给乌鱼旗,始许采捕。按隋大业六年,吴郡献海脍四缶井,帝以示群臣曰:昔介象殿庭钓得鲻鱼,此幻化耳。今日之脍,乃是真海鱼所作,来至数千里,亦是一时奇味。即出数盘以赐近臣,载之《大业拾遗记》,盖即乌鱼也。吾杭素产鲻鱼,有江鲻、河鲻二种,其大者不盈尺,与郡中六、七月间所食正同。至秋深,长一、二尺,味始肥美。杭所产,远不及逮矣。”

参照资源

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  1. ^ 养殖技术:鯔魚. [2019-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-28). 
  2. ^ 罗德祯; 李俊贤(摄影). 來自海洋的「烏金」——烏魚子. 农训杂志Vol.300 第32卷第2期. 2015-02-01.  :52

相关条目

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外部链接

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鲻鱼
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