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鳀科

鳀科
美洲鳀Engraulis mordax
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri
目: 鲱形目 Clupeiformes
亚目: 鲱亚目 Clupeoidei
科: 鳀科 Engraulidae
Gill, 1861
模式属
鳀属
Engraulis
Cuvier, 1816
亚科

鳀科辐鳍鱼纲鲱形目的其中一科,通称鳀鱼江鱼仔小公鱼,是海水鱼。这一科共17属146种[1],分成2个亚科,分布于大西洋、印度洋和太平洋。鳀鱼为饵料鱼,也被作为供油类鱼、食用鱼(见鳀鱼食用)。[2]

分布

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本科鱼种广泛分布于全球各海域,但主要集中在温暖水域,在极冷和更热的水域中鲜少出现。但是它们通常可以接受很大幅度的水温和含盐量。大型的鳀鱼常见于泥底的浅海、河口以及港湾。黑海和地中海,特别是在阿尔沃兰海有大量的鳀鱼[3]。克里特、希腊、西西里、意大利、法国、土耳其和西班牙沿海经常性捕捉鳀鱼。在北非海岸和欧洲沿岸的大西洋海域也有分布。10月到来年3月是繁殖季节,但是如果水温低于12°C (54°F)繁殖就会停止。鳀鱼常分布在海岸100公里(62英里)以内的表层水域。

深度

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水深0至200米。

特征

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本科鱼从小型到中型鱼。体延长而侧扁,有些种类侧扁如刀。鳞大,或普通,薄而易落。无侧线,腹缘锐利或钝圆,棱鳞多少不等。吻突出,通常超越口裂。口裂大,下位。上颌向后伸,有时超过胸鳍基底。臀鳍特长,有时与分叉之尾鳍下叶相连。背鳍短,在臀鳍上方或前方。一般体长不超过15公分。仅有一些种类超过50公分。

分类

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鳀科下分2亚科17属146种,如下:

鳀亚科 Engraulinae

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亚马逊鳀属Amazonsprattus

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小鳀属Anchoa

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多耙鳀属Anchovia

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小公鱼属Anchoviella

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鲸鳀属Cetengraulis

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半棱鳀属Encrasicholina

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鳀属Engraulis

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裘罗鳀属Jurengraulis

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  • 裘罗鳀 Jurengraulis juruensis (Boulenger, 1898)

狼鳀属Lycengraulis

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翼鳀属(Pterengraulis

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  • 翼鳀 Pterengraulis atherinoides (Linnaeus, 1766)

侧带小公鱼属Stolephorus

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鲚亚科 Coiliinae

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鲚属Coilia

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粗齿鳀属Lycothrissa

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小鳍鳀属Papuengraulis

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  • 小鳍鳀 Papuengraulis micropinna Munro, 1964

拟黄鲫属Pseudosetipinna

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黄鲫属Setipinna

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Thrissina

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Thrissina Jordan & Seale, 1925,为Thryssa Cuvier, 1829的异名

  • Thrissina aurora Hata, Lavoué, Chungthanawong & Motomura, 2023[5]
  • Thrissina cuvierii [5]
  • Thrissina malabarica [5]

棱鳀属Thryssa

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生态

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本科绝大部分属于大洋性近海鱼类,但其幼鱼常出现于河口。群游性,具有相当之口裂及发达的鳃耙,藉以滤食浮游生物。一少部分大型鱼会捕食无脊椎动物。本科也是大洋性掠食鱼类追捕的对象。

经济利用

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多为食用鱼;新鲜时可清蒸,或是晒成鱼干;甚至也被拿来作披萨料。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2016). Engraulidae. FishBase. Version 2016-06.
  2. ^ What's an oily fish?. Food Standards Agency. 2004-06-24 [2012-12-26]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-10). 
  3. ^ C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Alboran Sea. eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ M. V. Loeb, H. R. Varella and N. A. Menezes. 2018. A New Species of Anchoviella (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the western Amazon River in Peru, with Comments on Congeners in the Peruvian Amazon River. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13601
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Harutaka Hata, Sébastien Lavoué, Sirikanya Chungthanawong and Hiroyuki Motomura. 2023. A New Species of Thrissina from the Andaman Sea and Re-assessment of the Taxonomic Status of Thrissina cuvierii (Swainson, 1839) and Thrissina malabarica (Bloch, 1795) (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae: Coiliinae). Ichthyology & Herpetology., 111(4); 549-562. DOI: 10.1643/i2023001

外部链接

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鳀科
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