For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for
鲁莽.
鲁莽(英语:recklessness)或称轻率,是普通法的一种过错责任型态,指行为人故意的、轻率的并且无视其行为可能造成的严重后果,而构成犯罪或民事侵权行为。在应受谴责性的分类上,鲁莽乃介于“蓄意”与“过失”之间。
犯意
在刑法上,根据一般的常规责任,若要证明被告确实成立确实成立犯罪,则检察官必须既证实被告具有“犯意”(mens rea)和“罪行”(actus reus),且两者必需同时存在,称为“共时性”。而构成犯意的情形大致可分为以下三种:
- 蓄意(intention):指行为人对犯罪行为具备认识,并且渴望结果发生。某些国家会再区分出“明知”(knowledge)的犯意型态,例如美国的《模范刑法典》。
- 鲁莽(recklessness):行为人对于可能造成的重大犯罪结果有所预见,但仍然轻率的无视该结果,而做出罪行。
- 过失(negligence):行为人违反注意义务,客观上应当预见结果但却未能预见,而不具有犯罪意图者而言。
“蓄意”与“鲁莽”皆足以构成定罪所需的犯意。鲁莽不及蓄意那样当受谴责,然而比过失更当受谴责。[1] “过失”通常不构成罪责,除非特定的罪名,如“未尽应有之谨慎与注意地驾驶”。
引注资料
- ^ Cases and Materials on Criminal Law - 10th ed. - Elliot & Wood
参考文献
- Davies, Mitchell, Tales from the (Thames) River Bank: R v G and Another (2004) Jo, of Criminal Law.
- Dörmann, Knut; Doswald-Beck, Louise; Kolb, Robert. Appendix. Elements of War Crimes. Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 0-521-81852-4.
- Elliott, D. W. Endangering Life by Destroying or Damaging Property (1997) CLR 382.
- Field, Stewart & Lynn, Mervyn, The Capacity for Recklessness (1992) 12 Legal Studies 74.
- Field, Stewart & Lynn, Mervyn, Capacity, Recklessness and the House of Lords (1993) CLR 127.
- Kaiser, Dagmar. Leistungsstōrungen. Staudinger, Julius von; Martinek, Michael; Beckmann, Roland Michael (编). Eckpfeiler Des Zivilrechts. Walter de Gruyter. 2005. ISBN 3-8059-1019-3.
- Leigh Recklessness After Reid (1993) 56 MLR 208.
- Williams, Glanville, Recklessness Redefined (1981) CLJ 252
{{bottomLinkPreText}}
{{bottomLinkText}}
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by
contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
{{current.index+1}} of {{items.length}}
Thanks for reporting this video!
This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you're using HTTPS Everywhere or you're unable to access any article on Wikiwand, please consider switching to HTTPS (https://www.wikiwand.com).
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you are using an Ad-Blocker, it might have mistakenly blocked our content.
You will need to temporarily disable your Ad-blocker to view this page.
✕
This article was just edited, click to reload
Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}
Follow Us
Don't forget to rate us
Oh no, there's been an error
Please help us solve this error by emailing us at
support@wikiwand.com
Let us know what you've done that caused this error, what browser you're using, and whether you have any special extensions/add-ons installed.
Thank you!