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鬼佬.
鬼佬,亦作番鬼佬,是粤语中称呼白人的俗语,按照字面解释为“鬼人”或者“鬼家伙”[1]。因为广府人观念中认为,东亚人种通常黄皮肤、黑头发,脸平坦,形体中等,而发色有深有浅,肤色多种多样和有不同瞳色的欧洲人,脱离了其对通常人类英文的定义,又因为中国传说中鬼魂许多肤色苍白,又如哼哈二将身体高大健壮,鼻高眼大且深,因此称呼白人为“鬼”。或者是源于19世纪因为外国军队入侵大清帝国,普通中国人对欧洲人的到来十分厌烦,而产生了“鬼佬”此字面意思略带有些许贬义的词语。在外国,鬼佬以Gweilo一词呈现。
由于上述的原因加上过去的中国历史,从前鬼佬一词通常比较贬义。
名称
鬼佬除了表示白人外,也常特指白种男人。
粤语俗话中亦有不少类似的称呼:
- 如称呼白种女人:鬼婆
- 如称呼白种男孩:鬼仔
- 如称呼白种女孩:鬼妹
- 如称呼黑人:黑鬼
含义
一些白种人认为鬼佬这称呼是对他们的侮辱[2]。在1980年代,有些广东人给“鬼佬”一词冠上“死”字(死鬼佬),即诅咒对方死亡,而成为一句带有侮辱性的粗话。
而且按照香港法例,在一个工作地方、学校、公共机构等,“任何人如基于另一人的种族……而作出不受欢迎的行径(可包括口头或书面陈述)……作出该行径的人即属对该另一人作出骚扰”(全文:第602章 第7条 种族骚扰)[3]。间说:如果第二方不欢迎,叫人“鬼佬”或者其他非正经称呼,可能属于种族歧视。
在另一方面,现在一些居于香港的白人,偶尔开玩笑地以“鬼佬”自称,由视为污蔑渐渐入乡随俗。现在不少白人都不太介意这个称呼。
很多以粤语作为母语的人于公众地方,仍然用“鬼佬”一词称呼白种人或西方人,他们认为这词不含贬义和争议[4]。“鬼佬”一词更出现于香港的儿歌[5],当时没有人认为有问题。
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