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番囝

番囝[1]:291[2],亦作番囝哥[1]:291番侬[1]:291番鬼[3][4]鬼佬[1]:210。是闽语中称呼外国人的词语,按照字面解释为“番邦(番国)来的囝哥”。因为福州人观念中认为,“番”一般指代外来的一切物种,如:“番囝薯”、“番薯”等。因为这些农作物不曾在福州本土出现过,多是从福州海外带回福州后被福州人熟知后加“番”字以区分。

名称

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番囝或番囝哥除了表示外国人外,还有:

闽语俗话中亦有不少类似的称呼:

  • 如称呼外国妇女:番囝婆
  • 如称呼外国小孩:番囝囝

含义

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一些白种人认为番囝、番鬼这类称呼是对他们的侮辱,于是在晚清时期,三坊七巷里的“番鬼巷”改名闽语的谐音“宦贵巷”[3],以及“番仔[5]弄”改名为“官岭弄”[6]:137。但即使如此,“宦贵巷”和“官岭弄”这一地名还是按照闽语发音读成“番鬼”和“番囝”。此外,“番囝”、“番鬼”这类词汇时常出现在福州本地的传统歌谣当中[7][8]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 福州方言词典,江苏教育出版社,1998
  2. ^ 闽方言“番”词语族的乡土味. 卢毅琨. 福建党史方志网,来源:《福建日报》. 2017-04-20 [2024-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-31) (简体中文). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 福州市人民政府. 福州“巷”“弄”地名由来. 2013-09-29 [2024-07-31]. 
  4. ^ 开放的中华:一个番鬼在大清国,山东画报出版社,2004.05,ISBN 7-80603-941-4
  5. ^ “仔”本俗字,本字写作“囝”。
  6. ^ 李乡浏、李达. 《福州地名》. 福州市: 福建人民出版社. 2001.5. ISBN 7-211-03910-8 (中文(中国大陆)). 
  7. ^ 福州歌谣甲集,国立中山大学语言历史学研究所,1929年
  8. ^ 平平是「番囝蔥」,伊會食,你會戳。. 陈高志. 攀讲马祖. 2023-11-29 [2017-01-19]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-29) (cn). 
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番囝
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