For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 高低重音.

高低重音

高低重音音高重音(英语:Pitch accent),是一种重音。在高低重音语言里,一个词里的每个音节的音调取决于该音节在词里出现的位置。而声调语言中,每个音节有自己固定的声调,它的声调和它在词里出现的位置无关。世界上很多语言(如日语吴语等)都含有的高低重音系统(另一种是轻重重音)。

比如对于同样都只有低高两调之分的音高重音语言和声调语言,一个双音节词[aba], 在音高重音语言里只有两种可能的音调:[ába]或[abá]。而在声调语言中可能有四种:低低调[àbà]、高高调[ábá]、高低调[ábà]、低高调 [àbá]。

日语

日语通常被认为有高低重音。不过不像塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语,日语只有20%的词汇有音高重音,另外80% 则没有重音。

音位降阶或许比音高重音能更准确地描述日语的重音特点。一个词的音调不断上升直到音位降阶,之后音调急剧下降。在双音节词里,这表现为高-低低-高的对立。无重音词也是低-高,但是后继音节的音调使它有别于有重音词.

重音在首音节 重音在次音节 无重音
[kaki] 牡蛎 [kaki] [kaki]
高-低 低-高

吴语

吴语特别是上海话宁波话已经逐渐从声调语言演变成一种音高重音语言。

以上海话为例。上海话每个字单独读时,依然有固定的声调:阴平调值53)、阴去(调值34)、阳去(调值13)、阴入(调值5)、阳入(调值2)。但是在口语的词句里,字的声调消失,而代之以高、中、低三个音调。词首如果是阳去或阳入字,则该字只可能是低音调(调值22或11);词首如果是阴去或阴入字,则该字只可能是中音调(调值33);词首如果是阴平字,则该字只可能是高音调(调值55)。多音节词里,第一个字的音调决定了该词里其他所有字的音调。如果第一个字是高音调,后面的字都读中音调;如果第一个字读中音调或低音调,那么第二个字读高音调,再后面的字读中音调。

首字为阳去或阳入字
(低音调)
zanhegnin 上海人 低-高-中
首字为阴去或阴入字
(中音调)
Odali'ia 澳大利亚 中-高-中-中
首字为阴平字
(高音调)
kónkonchitsau 公共汽车 高-中-中-中


吴语临绍小片慈溪话只剩4个声调,4个无任何辨义作用的声调:阴舒,阳舒,阴入,阳入。阴阳是可以通过声母的清浊来区别的,而舒入则是和韵母有关。也就是说,在慈溪话中,声调已经是没有了作用。那它就已经可以说完全是一种音高重音语言了。

参考文献

  • This usage of the term 'pitch accent' was proposed by Bolinger (1958), taken up by Pierrehumbert (1980), and described in Ladd (1996).* Bolinger, Dwight, A theory of pitch accent in English, Word 14, 1958, 14: 109–49  .
  • Ladd, Robert D., Intonational Phonology, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996 
  • Pierrehumbert, Janet. The phonology and phonetics of English intonation (PDF). PhD thesis, MIT, Published 1988 by IULC. 1980 [2008-01-14]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-06-25). 
  • Fortson IV, Benjamin W., Indo-European Language and Culture, Blackwell Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1-4051-0316-7 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
高低重音
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?