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马达常数

马达尺寸常数KM反电动势常数Kv转矩常数KT都是常用来描述马达特性的数值。.

马达常数

KM马达常数[1]马达尺寸常数。若用国际单位制表示,其单位为Nm/sqrt(W)):

其中

  • 为马达转矩。(SI制单位为N·m)
  • 为马达热损失。(SI制单位为W)

只要马达用的导线材料不变,马达常数和绕线方式无关。像绕马达时,用2条平行线绕6圈,其速度常数Kv会是单线绕12圈的二倍,但KM不会变化。KM可以用来选择符合特定应用的马达大小,而Kv可以用来决定其绕线方式。

马达速度常数、反电动势常数

Kv是马达速度常数,其单位为RPM/V(容易和表示千伏特的kV混淆)[2]无刷马达的Kv是马达无载的转速除以在马达线圈上的峰端电压(反电动势,非RMS电压)。例如,一个无载时Kv, 5,700 rpm/V的马达,若供电电压为11.1 V,其转速为63,270 rpm(5,700 rpm/V × 11.1 V)。

也会用Ke[3]Kb等符号表示马达速度常数[4],也会表示为反电动势常数[5][6]或泛用的马达常数[3]。和KV相反,Ke在SI制下的单位常表示为,因此和KV成反比[7]。有时会表示为非SI制单位krpm/V[8]

也可以将马达的磁通整合到上述公式中[9]

其他为反电动势,为常数,为磁通 ,而为角速度。

楞次定律,运转中马达的反电动势和其转速成正比。若马达的反电动势达到供电电池的电压(直流链电压),马达的速度即为其最大转速。

马达转矩常数

KT是单位电枢电流可以产生的力矩[10],可以由马达的速度常数Kv计算。

其中

为机器的电枢英语Armature (electrical engineering)电流,单位AKT主要可用来计算在某给定转矩需求下,需要的电枢电流:

参考资料

  1. ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2016-02-22]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-04-13). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ United Hobbies: "Kv rating explained"[永久失效链接]
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Mystery Motor Data Sheet (PDF), hades.mech.northwest.edu, [2016-02-22], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-05-06) 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ GENERAL MOTOR TERMINOLOGY (PDF), www.smma.org, [2016-02-22], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-04-21) 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ DC motor model with electrical and torque characteristics - Simulink, www.mathworks.co.uk 
  6. ^ Technical Library > DC Motors Tutorials > Motor Calculations, www.micro-drives.com, (原始内容存档于2012-04-04) 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ 存档副本. [2016-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-08). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2016-02-22]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-04-21). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  9. ^ DC motor starting and braking, iitd.vlab.co.in, [2016-02-22], (原始内容存档于2019-09-07) 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  10. ^ Understanding motor constants Kt and Kemf for comparing brushless DC motors, [2016-02-22], (原始内容存档于2021-05-06) 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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马达常数
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