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香草冰淇淋

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鸡蛋卷冰淇淋上的香草冰淇淋
黑巧克力香草冰淇淋英语Dame blanche (dessert)

香草(Vanilla)是冰淇淋常见的口味之一,在北美及欧洲更常见[1]。香草冰淇淋作法和其他口味的冰淇淋类似,是由奶油、糖、香草混合后在含有冰及盐的容器内冷却而成[2]。香草冰淇淋使用的香草类类随地区而不同。在北美及欧洲会喜欢有烟薰风味的,在爱尔兰岛则是喜欢类似茴芹味道的[1]。为了让冰淇淋有一致的滑顺口感,混合物在凝固过程需要偶尔搅拌,之后再放回冰盐容器中继续凝固[2]。依照《Iced: 180 Very Cool Concoctions》所述,许多人认为香草冰淇淋是冰淇淋的“原味英语default effect[3]

历史

最早开始使用香草的地方是墨西哥。约在1510年,来自西班牙征服者,到了位于现今墨西哥的地区,接触到的中部美洲原住民将香草用在其餐饮中。征服者将香草带回西班牙,在西班牙,“会用可可豆、香草、玉米、水及冰混合而成巧克力饮料,香草是其中的香料之一”。这种饮料在1600年代初期扩展到法国英国及欧洲其他地区[4]。1602年时,伊丽莎白一世的药师Hugh Morgan建议香草应该和巧克力分开来吃[5]

冰淇淋的历史可以追踪到14世纪的元朝。有证据指出在莫卧儿帝国就已经在食用冰淇淋。为了冷冻效果,混合冰和盐的概念(这也是冰淇淋制作流程之一)起源于亚洲,此一作法随着阿拉伯人摩尔人分别在711年及1492年旅行到西班牙,而开始流传[6]。自从混合冰和盐的作法流传到欧洲后,意大利人就开始制作冰淇淋[2]。在18世纪初时,在法国已有冰淇淋的配方。依照《Frozen Desserts: The Definitive Guide to Making Ice Creams, Ices, Sorbets, Gelati, and Other Frozen Delights》一书,法国在冰淇淋中加入蛋或是蛋黄,让冰淇淋变成较细,较有口感的食品。最早在法国记录的冰淇淋配方是在18世纪初,其中没有包括蛋黄,到18世纪中,法国的冰淇淋食谱中就已加入蛋黄[6]

后来香草不再和可可一起使用之后,法国食谱中也越来越常看到香草。法国用香草来为法国的香草冰淇淋增添风味。托马斯·杰斐逊发现了法国的冰淇淋配方,将其引进美国,因此美国也有香草冰淇淋[5]。托马斯·杰斐逊在1780年代写下了他自己的冰淇淋配方,此配方保存在美国国会图书馆[7]

在2017年,有一个网络贴文误称说香草冰淇淋原来是深色的,但因为其颜色冒犯了白人,因此在1912年改为白色。此一说法和事实不符,早在1876年时的香草冰淇淋照片中,其中的香草冰淇淋就是浅色的[8]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Berger, R.G. (编). Flavours and fragrances chemistry, bioprocessing and sustainability. Berlin: Springer. 2007: 459. ISBN 3540493395. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Smith, Andrew. The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. 2007: 314 [2014-11-12]. ISBN 0195307968. 
  3. ^ Hilden, Katri; Robinson, Tim; Currie, Lee; Hutchinson, Emma. Iced: 180 Very Cool Concoctions. Murdoch Books. 2006: 15 [2013-04-04]. ISBN 978-1-74045-818-4. (原始内容存档于2023-10-19). Vanilla has become a synonymous with 'plain'- perhaps most vanilla ice cream is flavoured with fake vanilla extract 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Karner, Julie. The Biography of Vanilla. Crabtree Publishing Company. 2006: 7. ISBN 0778724905. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Myers, Richard L. The 100 most important chemical compounds : a reference guide需要免费注册 1. publ. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2007: 292. ISBN 978-0313337581. vanilla ice cream europe. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Liddell, Caroline. Frozen Desserts: The Definitive Guide to Making Ice Creams, Ices, Sorbets, Gelati, and Other Frozen Delights. Macmillan. 1996: 11 [13 November 2014]. ISBN 0312143435. (原始内容存档于2023-06-02). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ Marling, Karal Ann. Ice : great moments in the history of hard, cold water. St. Paul, MN: Borealis Books. 2008: 10–11 [2023-10-06]. ISBN 978-0873516280. (原始内容存档于2023-05-28). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ LaCapria, Kim. Was Vanilla Ice Cream Originally Black?. Snopes. 18 January 2017 [21 November 2022]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-13) (英语). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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香草冰淇淋
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