For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 电石灯.

电石灯

一盏电石灯

电石灯(英语:Carbide lamps / acetylene gas lamps),又称为电土灯水火灯瓦斯灯水月电灯磺火灯[1]以前会在电力不足或是用电不方便的环境下,或是电灯照明尚未普及的年代,使用的照明设备之一。电火灯的亮度比煤油灯效果好,且较不易被吹熄,经常运用于户外场合,像是夜间喜庆、夜市、夜间祭典会场、夜行巡逻、坑道使用等。[2]

应用原理

利用电石与水混合后,产生乙炔气体(C2H2),点燃后做为光源。电石,又称电土,主要成分是碳化钙(Calcium carbide),化学式CaC2,又名乙炔钙。以下为电石与水反应产生乙炔的反应式:[3]

CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l)C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq)

灯具结构

携带用的电石灯通常以铅片或铜皮铸造而成,分为上下二层,上层装水,下层放置以棉布包裹的电石;上层底部有开关控制水量,让水滴到下层的电石,产生可燃的乙炔。乙炔气从灯口细孔喷出,于出气口引燃便可发光。出气口设有开关可调整电石气的流量,即可控制火焰之大小。[2]

矿工的救命灯

电石灯常运用在没有沼气的金铜矿坑内,是矿工随身照明工具,也是进矿坑的标准配备。台湾新北市金瓜石九份矿山地区称之为“磺火灯”。由于电石灯需要氧气助燃,当坑道内氧气不足时,火焰会开始冒出含碳黑烟,或是熄灭,应尽快离开坑道,所以又称作矿工的“救命灯”。[3]

原住民的打猎工具

过去台湾原住民夜间狩猎也使用电石灯作为照明,原住民认为电土所产生的气体像是瓦斯气,故称为gas。[4]夜间树林里常有出没的飞鼠,飞鼠有很好的夜视能力,能够在微弱光线下行动,当黑暗树林中电土灯光线照到飞鼠,飞鼠眼睛会反射光点,牠的视觉受强光照射导致短暂模糊,会停滞不动,原住民猎人即可锁定射击猎取。[5]

参见

碳化钙

外部链接

灯-照亮老台湾特展 电土灯使用页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

进矿山找科学-不插电的电土灯页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

参考资料

  1. ^ 電石燈. 教育部重编国语辞典修订本 (中文(台湾)). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 陈文树. 電石氣能源運用. 能源报导 (经济部能源局). 2006 [2021-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-30). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 電石. 科学Online 高瞻自然科学教学资源平台. 2010-09-27 [2021-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2011-09-22) (中文(台湾)). 
  4. ^ 傅丽玉. 原住民生活世界的科學-電土燈篇. 原住民教育季刊. 2004, (33): 77-104. 
  5. ^ 李庆恭. 電土燈. 2010 [2021-03-16]. 原始内容存档于2013-10-14 (中文(台湾)). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
电石灯
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?