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雕齿兽亚科

雕齿兽亚科
化石时期:20–0.011 Ma
星尾兽
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 有甲目 Cingulata
科: 倭犰狳科 Chlamyphoridae
亚科: 雕齿兽亚科 Glyptodontinae

见正文

雕齿兽亚科(学名:Glyptodontinae)是一类大型及重装甲的动物,现今犰狳的近亲。牠们首先于中新世南美洲演化出来,且保留了牠们的物种多样性中心。但当巴拿马地峡于三百万年前形成后,几个物种向北扩散,是为南北美洲生物大搬风的一部分。

雕齿兽亚科的特征是牠们那像的甲壳,是由骨板所组成。雕齿兽亚科的每一个物种都有其独特的骨板形状及壳,这个甲壳就像龟的一样,不过牠们不能把头缩入壳内,取而代之是在头颅骨顶有一个骨冠。雕齿兽亚科的尾巴有环形骨作为保护。星尾兽甚至有一个像大星尾锤的尾巴,可以抵御其他星尾兽及猎食者。雕齿兽亚科的体型亦可以保护牠们,如雕齿兽就有一辆车的大小。重装甲可以预先制衡大型及强壮的猎食者。当雕齿兽亚科演化时,南美洲最高位的猎食者是巨大而不能飞的骇鸟

雕齿兽亚科在最后的冰河时期与其他的大型动物(如大地懒长颈驼)一同灭绝。牠们较为轻盈及灵活的亲属在北美洲生存下来及开枝散叶。

下属分类

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本亚科包括以下属:

  • Asterostemma Ameghino, 1889
    • Asterostemma depressa Ameghino, 1889
  • Boreostemma
  • Castellanosia Cárdenas, 1951
    • Castellanosia caineana Cárdenas
  • Clypeotherium Scillato-Yané, 1977
    • Clypeotherium magnum Scillato-Yané, 1977
  • Daedicuroides Castellanos, 1941
  • †槌尾雕兽属 Doedicurus Burmeister, 1874,星尾兽
    • Doedicurus ensenadensis Ameghino, 1904
    • Doedicurus giganteus Serres, 1865
    • Doedicurus kokenianus Ameghino, 1889
  • Eleutherocercus
  • Eucinepeltus
  • Glyptatelus
  • 雕齿兽属 Glyptodon
  • Glyptodontidium
  • Glyptostracon
  • 雕兽属 Glyptotherium
  • Heteroglyptodon
  • †甲雕兽属 Hoplophorus
  • Lomaphorus
  • Metopotoxus
  • Neoglyptatelus
  • †新硬头甲兽属 Neosclerocalyptus
  • †新胸甲雕兽属 Neothoracophorus
  • Neuryurus
  • Pachyarmatherium
  • †古甲雕兽属 Palaehoplophorus
  • †包甲兽属 Panochthus
  • Plohophorus
    • †Plohophorus avellaneda Quiñones, Cuadrelli, Reyes, Luna, Poiré & Zurita, 2023[1]
  • †原雕齿兽属 Protoglyptodon
  • †副原古甲雕兽属 Parapropalaehoplophorus
  • Plaxhaplous
  • †原星尾兽属 Prodaedicurus
  • †原古甲雕兽属 Propalaehoplophorus
  • †假新胸甲雕兽属 Pseudoneothoracophorus
  • †副雕齿兽属 Paraglyptodon
  • †硬头甲兽属 Sclerocalyptus
  • Stromatherium
  • Xiphuroides

根据 Barasoin et al., 2022分类后所获得的分支图显示如下:[2]


雕齿兽亚科
传统的雕齿兽亚科

Boreostemma

雕兽属 Glyptotherium

雕齿兽属 Glyptodon

"南方分支"

原古甲雕兽属 Propalaehoplophorus

Eucinepeltus

Cochlops

Palaehoplophorus

Kelenkura

Eosclerocalyptus

Plohophorus

Pseudohoplophorus

Doedicurinae

星尾兽属 Doedicurus

Eleutherocercus

Neosclerocalyptus

Hoplophorini

Hoplophorus

Propanochthus

Panochthus

参考

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  1. ^ Sofía Inés Quiñones, Francisco Cuadrelli, Martin de los Reyes, Carlos Alberto Luna, Daniel Gustavo Poiré and Alfredo Eduardo Zurita. 2023. A New Species of Plohophorus Ameghino (Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the latest Pliocene–earliest Pleistocene of the Pampean Region (Argentina): the Last Survivor of A Neogene Lineage. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21(1); 2246963. DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2023.2246963
  2. ^ Barasoain, Daniel; Zurita, Alfredo E.; Croft, Darin A.; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Contreras, Víctor H.; Miño-Boilini, Ángel R.; Tomassini, Rodrigo L. A New Glyptodont (Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the Late Miocene of Argentina: New Clues About the Oldest Extra-Patagonian Radiation in Southern South America. Journal of Mammalian Evolution. June 2022, 29 (2): 263–282. ISSN 1064-7554. S2CID 245945029. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09599-w (英语). 

外部链接

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雕齿兽亚科
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