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附器

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附器是指从躯体突出的部分,或任何生物的身体部分的自然伸延部分,如脊椎动物四肢

无脊椎动物生物学的范畴中,附器是一个一般词汇,意指从任何体节伸延出来的同源身体部分。

这些部分包括触角口器-包括上颚下颚and 颚足),翅膀鞘翅,甲壳类的步足 (pereiopods), 游泳足(腹肢)(pleopods),性器官(生殖肢)(gonopods)及部分尾部(尾足)(uropods);通常每个体节都有一对附器。

附器的类型可以分为每个附器只有一连串肢节的单肢型uniramous),如昆虫蜈蚣;每个附器分成两条的双肢型biramous),许多甲壳类均属此种;也有附器分成三条的三肢型triramous)。

所有节肢类动物的附体都是从同一基本结构演化而来(同源),而制造和控制结构的是“同源盒基因”(en:homeobox genes|homeobox genes)。科学家改变这些基因,从而制造出附器有变异(如在头上长触角处长出腿)的动物(主要为黑腹果蝇)。

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附器
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