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人类的下颚骨

(英语:Jaw)是动物在嘴部入口处相对的铰接式结构,也是指口部上下整体的解剖结构,一般可分为上颚、下颚两部;最常见的用途是用来进食与咀嚼食物。在大多数的动物身上,都拥有这个解剖结构。

人体解剖学或动物解剖学中,又特称为“[注 1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),而常避免使用 (因为 颚 与另一字 ,解剖位置与构造意义不同,却读音相同,两者易混用误用)。颌就是指构成口部上下部位的骨骼、关节、肌肉等软组织,分为上颌与下颌,内有上颌骨(maxilla)与下颌骨(mandible)。

口语中,上颚与下颚常取代医学专有名词上颌与下颌;且在口语中,下颚即俗称的下巴,即指“hàn”,为嘴部以下位置的概称。

人类发声构造;此图显示“腭”与“颚”为不同部位。图中“颚”是指下颚(下颌),但图未标示“上颚”(上颌)。

字辨

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汉语字典上虽有“颚”(jaw)另义同“腭”(palate)[1],但两者在解剖学上的位置、结构、意义不同,不宜混用误用(腭是人类和其他哺乳动物口腔顶部构造,将口腔和鼻腔分开);另有一字“齶”,为腭的异体字,但在中文繁体字使用地区,属于古字已弃用[2]

节肢动物

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节肢动物的颚常为口器的一部分,是由甲壳素构成的左右结构。其主要功能是将食物运送到嘴中,或兼有基本的咀嚼功能。部分颚其实是变形的腿(颚足)。

脊椎动物

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在大多数脊椎动物中,颚为垂直排列的骨质或软骨质上下结构及其附随的关节、软组织,由上颚和下颚组成。

人体的颚称为“”,内有上颌骨下颌骨

备注

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  1. ^ 参见《汉典》https://www.zdic.net/hant/%E9%A2%8C

参考

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  1. ^ 存档副本. [2021-09-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-14). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2021-09-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-14). 
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