For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for
阎若璩.
阎若璩(1636年—1704年7月8日),字百诗,号潜丘,山西太原府太原县人,清初经学家、学者。
生平
生于书香世家,自玄祖父世居淮安府山阳县,祖父阎世科是万历三十二年(1604年)进士,官至山东布政使司参议、兵备宁前[1]。阎若璩幼患口吃,资质愚钝,记性不好,读书数十遍还背不熟。直到顺治七年(1650年)十五岁时,忽觉开朗,读书竟过目不忘。赴博学宏辞科时,曾与汪琬激辩,阎若璩引用《檀弓》记“子张死,曾子有母之丧”推论,孔子在世时,曾子之母仍健在[2],汪琬哑口无言。康熙元年(1662年)改归太原故籍。康熙二十九年(1690年)受徐乾学聘纂《大清一统志》。曾潜心研究《古文尚书》三十余年,撰成《尚书古文疏证》八卷。
阎若璩晚年老病,好胜心仍重[3]。康熙三十八年(1699年),康熙帝南巡,驾幸淮安时,曾召见阎若璩,“以御舟行速,未果”。康熙四十三年(1704年)为皇四子胤禛召见,不辞千里舟车劳顿,远赴京华[4],时已病笃[5]。六月初七日卒于京师馆舍,入祀乡贤祠。胤禛作祭文,称赞他“读书尊身,一字无假;孔思周情,旨深言大”[6]。
著作
著有《尚书古文疏证》、《四书释地》、《潜邱札记》、《困学记闻注》、《孟子生逐年月考》、《眷西堂集》等。又曾为顾炎武《日知录》订正错误。
其中《尚书古文疏证》八卷,引经据典,确定《古文尚书》为东晋梅赜所伪著。黄宗羲、纪昀、钱大昕、梁启超、胡适等学者皆以为“伪古文《尚书》”的“定案”实归功于若璩,汪中将阎若璩列为“国朝六儒”(顾炎武、胡渭、梅文鼎、阎若璩、惠栋、戴震)之一。
《四库全书总目提要》称赞他:“引经据古,一一陈其矛盾之故,古文之伪乃大明”,“反复厘剔之,祛千古之大疑,考证之学,则固未之或先矣”。
梁启超说阎若璩“不能不认为近三百年学术解放之第一功臣。”
注释
- ^ 杭世骏《道古堂文集》卷二九《阎若璩传》。张穆《阎潜丘先生年谱》引《万历甲辰进士履历便览》曰:“阎世科,……癸丑,升郎中,辽东管粮。……丁巳,升宁前参议。戊午,回籍。”
- ^ 《潜邱札记》
- ^ 《四库全书总目提要》说:“若璩学问淹通,而负气求胜,与人辩论,往往杂以毒诟恶谑……颇乖著书之体”。
- ^ 《不足斋笔记》记载:“皇四子以书币礼致之,先生力疾赴至都中,则相待厚甚。逾于宾友。”又《道古堂集》记载:阎百诗“晚年名动九重,世宗在潜邸,手书延请,复至京师,呼先生而不名。身虽不显,而道则享也。”
- ^ 《阎若璩先生年谱》记载:“正月登车,一月抵都……三月二十七日进府,殿下止府君跪拜,迎送执手赐坐,日索观所著书,每进一篇,未尝不称善。凡饮食、药饵、衣服及几研、陈设诸物,罔不经心,目击其经典。命太医院林大文先生朝夕视,且曰:‘吾受益先生日正长,’”不料,阎若璩在潜邸中居住两月之后,却患 “下泄”之疾,神气委顿,于“六月六日,晨起顿首辞别。殿下固留不可,则命以大床为舆,上施青纱帐,二十人辇之,移城外十五里,如卧床不觉其行也,言笑自若。”
- ^ 江藩:《汉学师承记》卷一。
{{bottomLinkPreText}}
{{bottomLinkText}}
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by
contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
{{current.index+1}} of {{items.length}}
Thanks for reporting this video!
This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you're using HTTPS Everywhere or you're unable to access any article on Wikiwand, please consider switching to HTTPS (https://www.wikiwand.com).
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you are using an Ad-Blocker, it might have mistakenly blocked our content.
You will need to temporarily disable your Ad-blocker to view this page.
✕
This article was just edited, click to reload
Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}
Follow Us
Don't forget to rate us
Oh no, there's been an error
Please help us solve this error by emailing us at
support@wikiwand.com
Let us know what you've done that caused this error, what browser you're using, and whether you have any special extensions/add-ons installed.
Thank you!