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长翼鸟属

朝阳长翼鸟
化石时期:早白垩纪, 120 Ma
北京自然博物馆馆藏的长翼鸟化石
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 兽脚亚目 Theropoda
演化支 鸟翼类 Avialae
演化支 反鸟亚纲 Enantiornithes
科: 长翼鸟科 Longipterygidae
属: 长翼鸟属 Longipteryx
Zhang et al., 2001
种:
朝阳长翼鸟 L. chaoyangensis
二名法
Longipteryx chaoyangensis
Zhang et al., 2001
异名

Camptodontornis yangi? (Li et al., 2010)[1]

长翼鸟学名Longipteryx)是白垩纪早期的一种鸟类。其下只有一个物种朝阳长翼鸟。其遗骸是在中国辽宁朝阳市九佛堂组发现。除了接近完整的完模标本外,也有发现另一组完整的骨骼及其他独立的骨头,包括肱骨叉骨[2]

特征

长翼鸟的体长约15厘米。喙很长,比头部还要长,尖端有一些起钩的牙齿,双翼也如其名般很长及强壮。它们仍保有两双较长及分开的手指,指上有爪,而拇指亦粗短,但它们却有发育完好的飞行结构,加上令钩突可令肋骨篮更坚硬。它们的爪及趾都很长及强壮,但脚较短。总的来说,它们飞行及站立的能力对于陆生动物而言非常复杂。[2][3]

长翼鸟的标本,但对比完模标本却没有了羽毛轮廓。

完模标本保留了很多羽毛的轮廓。不过保留下来的都只是身体上的羽毛、翼底及绒毛,而非飞羽。[2]其发展完好的飞行结构显示它们能够飞行。有可能完模标本死亡时正值换羽,故没有保留飞羽。另一方面,孔子鸟也有类似的化石化情况。不幸的是完模标本的尾巴受到破坏,尾羽并没有被保留下来,而尾综骨在其他标本中显示似乎完整。[2]特别的是像今鸟亚纲的尾羽并未曾在反鸟亚纲中发现。[4]

习性

长翼鸟可能是吃鱼类甲壳类或其他水生动物,与现今翠鸟生态位最接近。[2]不过,其习性及生态系统必然与其他同期的近亲有所不同。

分类

长翼鸟的分类并未明确。虽然它们有时被分类到反鸟亚纲[2][5]或是反鸟亚纲下的特有类[6],但它们有可能是反鸟亚纲的基群,原羽鸟的后裔。[7]其祖征非常完整,而独有衍征则较接近现代。[2]

现时将长翼鸟分类到自己的长翼鸟目长翼鸟科中。[2]但其准确关系及近亲也都未明,而朝阳长翼鸟的系统发生学位置也不明。后来发现的长嘴鸟似乎与它们比较接近,可能同属一个分支[6]

参考

  1. ^ Xuri Wang; Caizhi Shen; Sizhao Liu; Chunling Gao; Xiaodong Cheng; Fengjiao Zhang. New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations. Zootaxa. 2015, 3941 (4): 565–578. PMID 25947529. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3941.4.5. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Zhang, Fucheng; Zhou, Zhonghe; Hou, Lianhai & Gu, Gang. Early diversification of birds: Evidence from a new opposite bird (PDF). Chinese Science Bulletin. 2001, 46 (11): 945–9. [失效链接]
  3. ^ Lamanna, Matthew C.; You, Hailu; Harris, Jerald D.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Ji, Shuan; Lü, Junchang & Ji, Qiang. A partial skeleton of an enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2006, 51 (3): 423–34 [2011-01-31]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-03-07). 
  4. ^ Clarke, Julia A.; Zhou, Zhonghe & Zhang, Fucheng. Insight into the evolution of avian flight from a new clade of Early Cretaceous ornithurines from China and the morphology of Yixianornis grabaui. Journal of Anatomy. 2006, 208 (3): 287–308. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00534.x. [永久失效链接]
  5. ^ author=Gong, Enpu; Hou, Lianhai & Wang, Lixia. Enantiornithine Bird with Diapsidian Skull and Its Dental Development in the Early Cretaceous in Liaoning, China. Acta Geologica Sinica. 2004, 78 (1): 1–7 [2011-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2007-09-28). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Mortimer, Michael. Phylogeny of taxa. The Theropod Database. 2004a [2008-08-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-30). 
  7. ^ Mortimer, Michael. Tyrannosauroids and dromaeosaurs. 2004-02-21 [2007-10-29]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03). 
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长翼鸟属
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