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镇抚司.
镇抚司,为明代卫所核心的组织,职理各卫所刑名兼理军匠。非锦衣卫独有,相当于现在军法处或军事裁判所。
明成祖时,将锦衣卫镇抚司分为南、北两司。
“南镇抚司”负责本卫的法纪、军纠。
“北镇抚司”传理皇帝钦定的案件,拥有自己的监狱(诏狱),可以自行逮捕、刑讯、处决,不必经过司法机构。死于酷刑拷打之下者不计其数。南、北镇抚司下设五个卫所,统领官称千户、百户、总旗、小旗。一般军士称为校尉、力士,雅称为“
缇骑”。瞿式耜曾道:“往者魏 、崔之世,凡属凶网,即烦缇骑,一属缇骑,即下镇抚,魂飞汤火,惨毒难言,苟得一送法司,便不啻天堂之乐矣。”
顾大武的《诏狱惨言》曾描写杨涟在内的“六君子”在镇抚司内的惨状:
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次日之暮,严刑拷问诸君子。虽各辩对甚正,而堂官许显纯袖中已有成案,第据之直书具疏以进。是日诸君子各打四十棍,拶、敲一百,夹杠五十……七月初四日比较。六君子从狱中出……一步一忍痛声,甚酸楚……用尺帛抹额,裳上脓血如染……十三日比较……受杖诸君子,股肉俱腐……十九日比较,杨、左、魏俱用全刑。杨公大号而无回声,左公声呦呦如小儿啼……二十四日比较,刑毕……是夜三君子(杨涟、左光斗、魏大中)……俱死于锁头叶文仲之手……二十八日……周公(周朝瑞)至大监,不半时许,遂毙郭贼之手。
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