钾的同位素

**主要的钾同位素**
标准原子质量（英语：Standard atomic weight） (Ar, 标准)	39.0983(1);
←Ar（18）	Ca（20）→
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钾（原子质量单位：39.0983(1)）共有28个同位素，其中有2个是稳定的。

图表

符号	Z	N	同位素质量（u） ^{[n 1]}^{[n 2]}	半衰期 ^{[n 1]}^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	衰变方式^[2]	衰变产物 ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	原子核自旋^{[n 1]}	相对丰度（莫耳分率）^[3]^{[n 2]}
符号	激发能量^{[n 2]}			半衰期 ^{[n 1]}^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	衰变方式^[2]	衰变产物 ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	原子核自旋^{[n 1]}	相对丰度（莫耳分率）^[3]^{[n 2]}
31 K^[4]^[5]	19	12		<10 ps	3p	²⁸S
³³K	19	14	33.00726(21)#	<25 ns	p	³²Ar	(3/2+)#
³⁴K	19	15	33.99841(32)#	<25 ns	p	³³Ar	1+#
³⁵K	19	16	34.988010(21)	178(8) ms	β⁺ (99.63%)	³⁵Ar	3/2+
³⁵K	19	16	34.988010(21)	178(8) ms	β⁺, p (.37%)	³⁴Cl	3/2+
³⁶K	19	17	35.981292(8)	342(2) ms	β⁺ (99.94%)	³⁶Ar	2+
					β⁺, p (.048%)	³⁵Cl
					β⁺, α (.012%)	³²S
³⁷K	19	18	36.97337589(10)	1.226(7) s	β⁺	³⁷Ar	3/2+
³⁸K	19	19	37.9690812(5)	7.636(18) min	β⁺	³⁸Ar	3+
^38m1K	130.50(28) keV			924.2(3) ms			0+
^38m2K	3458.0(2) keV			21.98(11) µs			(7+),(5+)
39 K	19	20	38.96370668(20)	稳定			3/2+	0.932581(44)
40 K ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	19	21	39.96399848(21)	1.248(3)×10⁹ y	β⁻ (89.28%)	⁴⁰Ca	4	1.17(1)×10⁻⁴
					EC (10.72%)	⁴⁰Ar
					β⁺ (0.001%)^[6]	⁴⁰Ar
^40mK	1643.639(11) keV			336(12) ns			0+
⁴¹K	19	22	40.96182576(21)	稳定			3/2+	0.067302(44)
⁴²K	19	23	41.96240281(24)	12.360(12) h	β⁻	⁴²Ca	2
⁴³K	19	24	42.960716(10)	22.3(1) h	β⁻	⁴³Ca	3/2+
⁴⁴K	19	25	43.96156(4)	22.13(19) min	β⁻	⁴⁴Ca	2−
⁴⁵K	19	26	44.960699(11)	17.3(6) min	β⁻	⁴⁵Ca	3/2+
⁴⁶K	19	27	45.961977(17)	105(10) s	β⁻	⁴⁶Ca	2(−)
⁴⁷K	19	28	46.961678(9)	17.50(24) s	β⁻	⁴⁷Ca	1/2+
⁴⁸K	19	29	47.965514(26)	6.8(2) s	β⁻ (98.86%)	⁴⁸Ca	(2−)
⁴⁸K	19	29	47.965514(26)	6.8(2) s	β⁻, n (1.14%)	⁴⁷Ca	(2−)
⁴⁹K	19	30	48.96745(8)	1.26(5) s	β⁻, n (86%)	⁴⁸Ca	(3/2+)
⁴⁹K	19	30	48.96745(8)	1.26(5) s	β⁻ (14%)	⁴⁹Ca	(3/2+)
⁵⁰K	19	31	49.97278(30)	472(4) ms	β⁻ (71%)	⁵⁰Ca	(0−,1,2−)
⁵⁰K	19	31	49.97278(30)	472(4) ms	β⁻, n (29%)	⁴⁹Ca	(0−,1,2−)
⁵¹K	19	32	50.97638(54)#	365(5) ms	β⁻ (53%)	⁵¹Ca	3/2+#
⁵¹K	19	32	50.97638(54)#	365(5) ms	β⁻, n (47%)	⁵⁰Ca	3/2+#
⁵²K	19	33	51.98261(75)#	105(5) ms	β⁻, n (64%)	⁵¹Ca	(2−)#
					β⁻, 2n (21%)	⁵⁰Ca
					β⁻ (15%)	⁵²Ca
⁵³K	19	34	52.98712(75)#	30(5) ms	β⁻, n (67%)	⁵²Ca	(3/2+)#
					β⁻, 2n (17%)	⁵¹Ca
					β⁻ (16%)	⁵³Ca
⁵⁴K	19	35	53.99420(97)#	10(5) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁴Ca	2−#
⁵⁴K	19	35	53.99420(97)#	10(5) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵³Ca	2−#
⁵⁵K	19	36	54.99971(107)#	3# ms	β⁻	⁵⁵Ca	3/2+#
⁵⁵K	19	36	54.99971(107)#	3# ms	β⁻, n	⁵⁴Ca	3/2+#
⁵⁶K	19	37	56.00851(86)#	1# ms	β⁻	⁵⁶Ca	2−#
⁵⁶K	19	37	56.00851(86)#	1# ms	β⁻, n	⁵⁵Ca	2−#
⁵⁷K^[7]^[8]	19	38			β⁻	⁵⁷Ca
⁵⁹K^[8]^{[n 8]}	19	40			β⁻	⁵⁹Ca

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，仅为理论推测。
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
^ 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗体表示。
^ 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
^ 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
^ 用于钾－氩年代测定法
^ 原始（英语：Primordial nuclide）放射性核素
^ 未确认的同位素

←	同位素列表	→
氩的同位素	钾的同位素	钙的同位素

参考文献

^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.
^ Universal Nuclide Chart. Nucleonica. [2012-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ A peculiar atom shakes up assumptions of nuclear structure. Nature. 6 September 2019, 573 (7773): 167. Bibcode:2019Natur.573T.167.. PMID 31506620. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02655-9 .
^ Kostyleva, D.; et al. Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope ³¹K by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 123 (9): 092502. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123i2502K. PMID 31524489. S2CID 159041565. arXiv:1905.08154 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.092502.
^ Engelkemeir, D. W.; Flynn, K. F.; Glendenin, L. E. Positron Emission in the Decay of K40. Physical Review. 1962, 126 (5): 1818 [2015-09-11]. Bibcode:1962PhRv..126.1818E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818. （原始内容存档于2019-07-01）.
^ Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122f2502N. PMID 30822058. S2CID 73508148. arXiv:1901.07632 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Tarasov, O.B. Production of very neutron rich isotopes: What should we know?. 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-02）.

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

分类

[hash-2] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，仅为理论推测。

[brackets-3] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。

[4] 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗体表示。

[6] 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。

[7] 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。

[11] 用于钾－氩年代测定法

[12] 原始（英语：Primordial nuclide）放射性核素

[16] 未确认的同位素

[CIAAW2021-1] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.

[5] Universal Nuclide Chart. Nucleonica. [2012-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.

[NUBASE2020-8] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[31K-1-9] A peculiar atom shakes up assumptions of nuclear structure. Nature. 6 September 2019, 573 (7773): 167. Bibcode:2019Natur.573T.167.. PMID 31506620. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02655-9 .

[31K-2-10] Kostyleva, D.; et al. Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope ³¹K by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 123 (9): 092502. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123i2502K. PMID 31524489. S2CID 159041565. arXiv:1905.08154 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.092502.

[13] Engelkemeir, D. W.; Flynn, K. F.; Glendenin, L. E. Positron Emission in the Decay of K40. Physical Review. 1962, 126 (5): 1818 [2015-09-11]. Bibcode:1962PhRv..126.1818E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818. （原始内容存档于2019-07-01）.

[Neufcourt(K)-14] Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122f2502N. PMID 30822058. S2CID 73508148. arXiv:1901.07632 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502.

[Tarasov(K)-15] 8.0 ^8.1 Tarasov, O.B. Production of very neutron rich isotopes: What should we know?. 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-02）.

[1]

[n 1]

[n 2]

[n 3]

[2]

[n 4]

[n 5]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[n 6]

[n 7]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[n 8]

钾的同位素

图表

参考文献

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