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铀衰变链

铀衰变链又称镭衰变链,是原始放射性核素英语Primordial nuclide铀-238衰变链,是自然界中现存的三大衰变链之一。该衰变链的起始核素为铀-238,半衰期长达44.68亿年,衰变产物包括以下几种元素的短寿命放射性同位素,它们都短暂或长期地存在于任何含有元素的矿藏化合物合金中。该衰变链的最终产物为稳定铅-206

本衰变链中的每个核素的质量数可以下式表示:A = 4n + 2,故本衰变链亦称为4n + 2系列。[1]

该链从铀-238衰变成铅-206所释放的总能量(包括放出中微子损失的能量)为51.7MeV

Actinium series
(详细说明)
核素 旧元素符号[2] 旧称 衰变形式[3] 半衰期 释放能量,MeV[3][a] 衰变产物[3]
250Cf α 13.08年 6.12844 246Cm
246Cm α 4800年 5.47513 242Pu
242Pu α 3.8·105 4.98453 238U
238U UI 铀I(Uranium I) α 4.468·109 4.26975 234Th
234Th UX1 铀X1(Uranium X1 β 24.10天 0.273088 234mPa
234mPa UX2, Bv 铀X2(Uranium X2), Brevium IT 0.16%
β 99.84%
1.159分钟 0.07392
2.268205
234Pa
234U
234Pa UZ 铀Z(Uranium Z) β 6.70小时 2.194285 234U
234U UII 铀II(Uranium II) α 2.45·105 4.8698 230Th
230Th Io 𰾭[b](Ionium) α 75400年 4.76975 226Ra
226Ra Ra (Radium) α 1600年 4.87062 222Rn
222Rn Rn 镭射气(Radon;Radium Emanation) α 3.8235天 5.59031 218Po
218Po RaA 镭A(Radium A) α 99.980%
β 0.020%
3.098分钟 6.11468
0.259913
214Pb
218At
218At α 99.9%
β 0.1%
1.5秒 6.874
2.881314
214Bi
218Rn
218Rn α 35毫秒 7.26254 214Po
214Pb RaB 镭B(Radium B) β 26.8分钟 1.019237 214Bi
214Bi RaC 镭C(Radium C) β 99.979%
α 0.021%
19.9分钟 3.269857
5.62119
214Po
210Tl
214Po RaC' 镭C'(Radium C') α 164.3微秒 7.83346 210Pb
210Tl RaC" 镭C"(Radium C") β 1.3分钟 5.48213 210Pb
210Pb RaD 镭D(Radium D) β 100%
α 1.9·10−6%
22.20年 0.063487
3.7923
210Bi
206Hg
210Bi RaE 镭E(Radium E) β 100%
α 1.32·10−4%
5.012天 1.161234
5.03647
210Po
206Tl
210Po RaF 镭F(Radium F) α 138.376天 5.03647 206Pb
206Hg β 8.32分钟 1.307649 206Tl
206Tl RaE 镭E(Radium E) β 4.202分钟 1.5322211 206Pb
206Pb RaG[4] 镭G(Radium G) - 稳定 -
  1. ^ “释放能量”不等于衰变射线的能量。如果为α衰变,α粒子能量比“释放能量”偏小。如果为β衰变,β射线能量为连续谱,最大不超过该能量。详细衰变数据可参考:Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project 整理的相关数据: https://web.archive.org/web/20061205022425/http://ie.lbl.gov/education/isotopes.htm 或者 NNDC, Brookhaven National Laboratory 整理的相关数据:http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 。
  2. ^ 并非99号元素(Einsteinium)。

参见

[编辑]
  • 钍衰变链A = 4n的衰变系列。天然存在的三大衰变链之一。
  • 镎衰变链A = 4n + 1的衰变系列。地球早期曾经存在的衰变链。
  • 锕衰变链A = 4n + 3的衰变系列。天然存在的三大衰变链之一。

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 叶锡溶 蔡长书. 放射化學(第二版). 台湾台北县: 新文京开发出版股份有限公司. 2008-03-26. ISBN 978-986-150-830-6 (中文(台湾)). 
  2. ^ Thoennessen, M. The Discovery of Isotopes: A Complete Compilation. Springer. 2016: 19. ISBN 978-3-319-31761-8. LCCN 2016935977. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31763-2. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File. National Nuclear Data Center. [2023-08-23]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-15). 
  4. ^ Kuhn, W. LXVIII. Scattering of thorium C" γ-radiation by radium G and ordinary lead. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 1929, 8 (52): 628. ISSN 1941-5982. doi:10.1080/14786441108564923. 
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铀衰变链
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