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锕衰变链

锕衰变链原始放射性核素英语Primordial nuclide铀-235衰变链,是自然界中现存的三大衰变链之一。该衰变链的起始核素为铀-235,半衰期长达7.038亿年,衰变产物包括以下几种元素的短寿命放射性同位素,它们都短暂或长期地存在于任何含有铀-235的金属、矿藏化合物合金中。该衰变链的最终产物为稳定铅-207

本衰变链中的每个核素的质量数可以下式表示:A = 4n + 3,故本衰变链亦称为4n + 3系列。[1]

该链从铀-235衰变成铅-207所释放的总能量(包括放出中微子损失的能量)为46.4MeV

Actinium series
(详细说明)
核素 旧元素符号 旧称 衰变形式 半衰期 释放能量,MeV[a] 衰变产物
251Cf α 900.6年 6.176 247Cm
247Cm α 1.56·107 5.353 243Pu
243Pu β 4.95556小时 0.579 243Am
243Am α 7388年 5.439 239Np
239Np β 2.3565天 0.723 239Pu
239Pu α 24100年 5.244 235U
235U AcU 锕铀(Actin Uranium) α 7.04·108 4.678 231Th
231Th UY 铀Y(Uranium Y) β 25.52小时 0.391 231Pa
231Pa Pa / 原锕(Protactinium) α 32760年 5.150 227Ac
227Ac Ac (Actinium) β 98.62%
α 1.38%
21.772年 0.045
5.042
227Th
223Fr
227Th RdAc 射锕(Radioactinium) α 18.68天 6.147 223Ra
223Fr AcK 锕K(Actinium K) β 99.994%
α 0.006%
22.00分钟 1.149
5.340
223Ra
219At
223Ra AcX 锕X(Actinium X) α 11.43天 5.979 219Rn
219At α 97.00%
β 3.00%
56秒 6.275
1.700
215Bi
219Rn
219Rn An 锕射气(Actinon;
Actinium Emanation)
α 3.96秒 6.946 215Po
215Bi β 7.6分钟 2.250 215Po
215Po AcA 锕A(Actinium A) α 99.99977%
β 0.00023%
1.781毫秒 7.527
0.715
211Pb
215At
215At α 0.1毫秒 8.178 211Bi
211Pb AcB 锕B(Actinium B) β 36.1分钟 1.367 211Bi
211Bi AcC 锕C(Actinium C) α 99.724%
β 0.276%
2.14分钟 6.751
0.575
207Tl
211Po
211Po AcC' 锕C'(Actinium C') α 516毫秒 7.595 207Pb
207Tl AcC" 锕C"(Actinium C") β 4.77分钟 1.418 207Pb
207Pb AcD 锕D(Actinium D) - 稳定 -
  1. ^ “释放能量”不等于衰变射线的能量。如果为α衰变,α粒子能量比“释放能量”偏小。如果为β衰变,β射线能量为连续谱,最大不超过该能量。详细衰变数据可参考:Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project 整理的相关数据: https://web.archive.org/web/20061205022425/http://ie.lbl.gov/education/isotopes.htm 或者 NNDC, Brookhaven National Laboratory 整理的相关数据:http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 。

参见

  • 钍衰变链A = 4n的衰变系列。天然存在的三大衰变链之一。
  • 镎衰变链A = 4n + 1的衰变系列。地球早期曾经存在的衰变链。
  • 铀衰变链A = 4n + 2的衰变系列。天然存在的三大衰变链之一。

参考文献

  1. ^ 叶锡溶 蔡长书. 放射化學(第二版). 台湾台北县: 新文京开发出版股份有限公司. 2008-03-26. ISBN 978-986-150-830-6 (中文(台湾)). 
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锕衰变链
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