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迪奥斯科里德斯

佩达努思·迪奥斯科里德斯
女神Heuresis将茄参交给迪奥斯科里德斯(左方身穿白衣者)
出生约公元40年
逝世约公元90年
职业医师药理学家

佩达努思·迪奥斯科里德斯[1]古希腊语Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης拉丁语Pedanius Dioscorides、约40年—90年)。古罗马时期的希腊医生药理学家,曾被罗马军队聘为军医。其希腊文代表作《药物论》(或译作《药材志》、《药物志》)在之后的1500多年中成为药理学的主要教材,并成为现代植物术语的重要来源。曾随罗马帝国君主尼禄四处征战,进而得以研究植物学以及药理学。《药物论》中对约600种药用植物进行了阐释并提出了提取鸦片作为外科麻醉药的观点。该书被多次翻译并再版发行,其中的许多药物一直沿用至今。[2]

生平

由于家乡在小亚细亚基利家的缘故,迪奥斯科里德斯经常待在塔尔苏斯附近一所重点发展药理学科的学院研究草药[3]

虽然他说自己为罗马军队效力,但他编写的《药物论》中所提到的物种,几乎仅能在说希腊语的地中海东部沿岸地区被发现。也就是说,他不太可能随军队行进(或旅行)到其他的地区[4]

名字里的“佩达努思”是拉丁语,说明有个名为佩达努思的贵族资助他成为罗马公民[5]

著作《药物论》

《药物论》早期印刷版本的封面,里昂,1554

约在公元50年至70年之间[6],迪奥斯科里德斯以母语希腊语写了一部有五卷的图书《药物论》(西欧国家更常以此书的拉丁名De Materia Medica来称呼),成为后世各国现代药典先驱[7]

相较于许多的古代作者,迪奥斯科里德斯的作品在文艺复兴时期并不是“重新被发现”(rediscovered)的,因为这本书从未失传。事实上,自近世以来,西方世界提到药物学著作,会先想到迪奥斯科里德斯的这部经典,甚至凌驾“医学之父”希波克拉底的文集之上。[8]

参考资料

  1. ^ 迪奥斯科里德斯. 《药物志》. 世界数字图书馆. 1555 [2019-02-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-26). 
  2. ^ Allbutt, T. Clifford. Greek medicine in Rome. London: Macmillan. 1921. ISBN 1-57898-631-1. 
  3. ^ Stobart, Anne. Critical Approaches to the History of Western Herbal Medicine: From Classical Antiquity to the Early Modern Period. A&C Black. 2014: 193. ISBN 978-1-4411-8418-4. 
  4. ^ Nutton, Vivian. Ancient medicine. Routledge, 2012. p. 178
  5. ^ Tobyn, Graeme; Denham, Alison; Whitelegg, Midge. The Western Herbal Tradition: 2000 Years of Medicinal Plant Knowledge illustrated. Singing Dragon. 2016: 4. ISBN 9780857012593. 
  6. ^ Greek Medicine. National Institutes of Health, USA. 16 September 2002 [1 July 2013]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-10). 
  7. ^ Rooney, Anne. The History of Medicine. The Rosen Publishing Group. 2012: 121. ISBN 9781448873708. 
  8. ^ De Vos (2010) "European Materia Medica in Historical Texts: Longevity of a Tradition and Implications for Future Use", Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132(1):28–47

延伸阅读

  • Allbutt, T. Clifford. Greek medicine in Rome. London: Macmillan. 1921. ISBN 1-57898-631-1. 
  • Bruins: Codex Constantinopolitanus: Palatii Veteris NO. 1 [3 VOLUME SET] Part 1: Reproduction of the Manuscript; Part 2: Greek Text; Part 3: Translation and Commentary Bruins, E. M. (Ed.)
  • Hamilton, JS. Scribonius Largus on the medical profession. Bulletin of the history of medicine. 1986, 60 (2): 209–216. PMID 3521772. 
  • Riddle, John M. Dioscorides. Cranz, F. Edward; Kristeller, Paul Oskar (编). Catalogus translationum et commentariorum : Mediaeval and Renaissance Latin translations and commentaries : annoted lists and guides. Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press. 1984. ISBN 0-8132-0547-6. 
  • Riddle, John M. Dioscorides on pharmacy and medicine. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1985. ISBN 0-292-71544-7. 
  • Sadek, M.M. The Arabic materia medica of Dioscorides. Québec, Canada: Les Éditions du sphinx. 1983. ISBN 2-920123-02-5. 
  • Scarborough, J; Nutton, V. The Preface of Dioscorides' Materia Medica: introduction, translation, and commentary. Transactions & studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 1982, 4 (3): 187–227. PMID 6753260. 

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迪奥斯科里德斯
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