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越野跑

越野跑
最高管理机构IAAF
特征
存在
奥运1912–1924
世界锦标赛1973–

越野跑是在野外举行的长跑运动。尽管人类自远古已经开始在户外跑步,越野跑的规则和传统则源自英国。1876年举办的英格兰锦标赛,是世界上第一个全国性的越野跑比赛,国际越野跑锦标赛英语International Cross Country Championships则始于1903年。IAAF世界越野锦标赛在1973年开始举办[1]

计时

由于科技的进步,芯片计时英语Chip timing日渐普及[2]。含RFID技术的转发器会附带于每位参赛者的跑鞋之上,透过装置于路线沿途及终点的接收器,记录选手经过每个检查站的时间,亦可以确保选手跑毕全程[3]。也有将芯片置于号码牌背后的。

计分

团体比赛的计分为队内首4至5名选手名次的总和,分数最低的一队夺冠,第二低的得银牌,如此类推。国际比赛多以6人一队,计算首4名选手的排名。美国比赛则多以7人一队,计算首5名选手的排名[4]

奥运项目

越野跑在1912年1920年1924年被列为个人及团体的比赛项目,瑞典在首届夺冠,而芬兰则在帕沃·努尔米的带领下在1920年获得金牌。因为正值巴黎热浪,38位在1924年出赛的选手中,只有15位完成赛事[5],8人需要担架送治[5],2人最终死亡[6]。自1928年起,越野跑被归纳成为现代五项中的其中一项,至2016年都是现代五项中唯一没有独立比赛的项目[7]

相关条目

  • 麦克法兰,2015年迪士尼电影,改编自1987年一所以墨西哥裔美国人为主的麦克法兰高中的7名学生组成的团队参加越野跑并夺得加州冠军的真实故事。

参考

  1. ^ Cross country – Introduction 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2011-02-27.. IAAF. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
  2. ^ Class 1 Generation 2 UHF Air Interface Protocol Standard "Gen 2". [2019-07-10]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-21). 
  3. ^ Fister, I. Jr., Mernik, M., Fister, I., Hrnčič, D. Implementation of EasyTime formal semantics using a LISA compiler generator, Comput. Sci. Inf. Syst., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1019-1044, 2012.doi:10.2298/CSIS111110021F
  4. ^ USA Track & Field – Cross Country页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆USATF.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Paavo Nurmi at the Olympic Games – Paris 1924. The Sports Museum of Finland. [2012-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2013-02-13). 
  6. ^ Lovesey, Peter. The Kings of Distance: A Study of Five Great Runners. Taylor & Francis. 1968: 111–112. ISBN 978-3540002383. 
  7. ^ Olympic.org Medallists database页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Olympic Movement.

伸延阅读

  • Havitz, Mark E., and Eric D. Zemper, "'Worked Out in Infinite Detail': Michigan State College's Lauren P. Brown and the Origins of the NCAA Cross Country Championships," Michigan Historical Review, (Spring 2013) 39#1 pp. 1–39.
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越野跑
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