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财务比率

财务比率(英语:financial ratios),或称会计比率,财务报表上两个数据之间的比率,这些比率涉及企业管理的各个方面。有关财务比率分析的价值在于它使分析者能够评估过去的业绩与衡量公司当前的财务状况,并获得对预测未来结果有用的见解;故此,财务比率不应被视为某种解答,而是指标[1]。通常,财务比率可分为四类:

  • 变现能力比率(英语:liquidity ratios)
  • 经营活动比率(英语:activity ratios)
  • 偿债能力比率(英语:solvency ratios)
  • 盈利能力比率(英语:profitability ratios)

变现能力比率

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流动比率= 流动资产
流动负债
  • 速动比率Quick ratio),又称酸性测试比率Acid test ratio
速动比率= 速动资产 流动资产-存货-预付款项
流动负债 流动负债
  • 保守速动比率
保守速动比率= 现金+短期证券+应收票据+应收账款净额
流动负债
  • 现金比率
现金比率= 现金+交易性金融资产
流动负债
  • 现金流量比率
现金比率= 经营活动现金流量净额
流动负债

经营活动比率

[编辑]
  • 存货周转率
存货周转率= 销售成本
平均存货
应收账款周转率= 赊销
平均应收账款
  • 应付账款周转率
应付账款周转率= 赊购
平均应付账款
  • 流动资产周转率
流动资产周转率= 销售收入
平均流动资产
  • 固定资产周转率
固定资产周转率= 销售收入
平均固定资产
  • 总资产周转率
总资产周转率= 销售收入
平均资产总额
  • “平均”是指期初余额和期末余额的算术平均数

负债比率

[编辑]
资产负债率= 总负债 ×100%
资产总额
产权比率= 总负债 ×100%
股东权益
权益乘数= 总资产 ×100%
股东权益
  • 有形净值债务率
有形净值债务率= 总负债 ×100%
股东权益-无形资产净额
利息保障倍数= 息税前利润 ×100%
利息费用

盈利能力比率

[编辑]
  • 销售净利率
销售净利率= 净利润 ×100%
销售收入
  • 销售毛利率
销售毛利率= 销售收入-销售成本 ×100%
销售收入
  • 资产净利率
资产净利率= 净利润 ×100%
平均资产总额
权益净利率= 净利润 ×100%
平均权益

参见

[编辑]
  1. ^ CFA Institute. CFA Program Curriculum 2022 Level I, Volume 3. 2021: 186. ISBN 1950157628. 
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财务比率
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