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西科斯基 S-72

Sikorsky S-72
概观
类型实验复合直升机
代号S-72 RSRA
乘员3人
首飞1976年10月12日
生产塞考斯基飞机公司
产量2
主要用户美国陆军NASA
衍生自S-61S-67
技术数据
长度70ft7in(21.51m)
翼展45ft1in(13.74m)
高度14ft6in(4.42m)
空重21,022lb(9,535kg)(加上主旋翼)
发动机2具通用电气T58-GE-5英语General Electric T58涡轮轴发动机
2具通用电气TF34-GE-400A英语General Electric TF34涡轮扇发动机
推力T58-GE-5:每具1,400shp(1,000kW)
TF34-GE-400A:每具9,275lbf(41.26 kN)
性能数据
最大速度300kn(350mph,560km/h)

西科斯基 S-72(英语:Sikorsky S-72)是一款由西科斯基开发的实验性复合直升机。

发展

旋翼系统研究计划(RSRA,英语:Rotor Systems Research Aircraft)

飞行中没有装配主旋翼的S-72

美国陆军NASA为了测试直升机在飞行中的旋翼特性,因此委托西科斯基开发一款实验复合直升机,并命名该计划为RSRA(Rotor Systems Research Aircraft)。该机采用[S-61的主旋翼和变速箱以及以此改造的机身。RSRA 配备TF34涡轮扇发动机,以达到符合研究所需的300kn(350mph,560km/h)。 此外,它可以作为没有主旋翼的固定翼飞机飞行。[1][2][3]

RSRA同时配备了一套独特的逃生系统。该系统被激活时,会发射爆炸螺栓,切断主旋翼叶片,逃生板被从飞机顶部炸掉,然后用火箭将机组人员推离机身。[4]

RSRA是一架独特的纯研究飞机,旨在填补旋翼飞机设计分析、风洞测试和飞行结果之间的空缺。该计划于1970年12月开始,并于1976年10月12日首飞,第一架飞机于1979年2月11日从西科斯基抵达NASA。

其中一项值得注意的测试是,RSRA使用主旋翼和尾桨负载测量系统来确定机身的垂直阻力。[5]

1981年,美国太空总署和美国陆军希望西科斯基在RSRA上安装四叶片主旋翼。西科斯基建议在其提案中为RSRA安装UH-60A的主旋翼[6], 而休斯直升机公司则建议安装YAH-64A的主旋翼[7],而波音旋翼机系统则建议安装YUH-61AModel 347(即四叶片版本的CH-47)的主旋翼。[8]然而,此计划最终作废。

X翼计划(The X-WING)

装配X-WING的S-72

X-WING计划是由海军水面作战中心卡德罗克分部英语Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare CenterDARPA资助下于20世纪70年代中期开发。[9] 1976年10月,洛克希德公司赢得了DARPA的一份开发大型旋翼的合同。[10]

该计划希望S-72能像直升机一样垂直起飞,并且其刚性旋翼可以在飞行途中停止转动,充当X形机翼,在向前飞行期间提供额外的升力,并且具有更传统的机翼。此机没有像更传统的直升机那样透过改变叶片的迎角来控制升力,而是使用从发动机供给并从叶片排出的压缩空气来产生虚拟机翼表面,类似于传统平台上的吹气式襟翼。电脑化阀门确保压缩空气来自旋翼的边缘,正确的边缘随着旋翼旋转而变化。[11]

1983年末,西科斯基收到一份合同,将一架S-72 RSRA改装成X-WING系统的测试平台。该基于1986年改装完毕,虽然该飞机的许多技术问题已得到解决,并计划开始使用旋翼/机翼系统进行飞行测试,但它从未试飞,并且因为预算的超支,该计划于1988年被迫停止。[12][13][14][15]

X翼被认为能直升机和固定翼飞机的中间状态,结合固定翼飞机能高速巡航的特性,也拥有直升机低速悬停和优秀的机动能力。这些特性使其可以执行包括空对空和空对地作战以及空中预警、搜救和反潜等任务。[16]

参考

  1. ^ A conceptual study of the rotor systems research aircraft. NASA. 1972 [2023-10-20]. hdl:2060/19720025371. (原始内容存档于2021-01-24). [页码请求]
  2. ^ Schmidt, Steven A.; Linden, Arthur W. Rotor systems research aircraft predesign study. Volume 2: Conceptual study report. NASA. 1972 [2023-10-20]. hdl:2060/19720025365. (原始内容存档于2021-01-24). [页码请求]
  3. ^ Schmidt, Steven A.; Linden, Arthur W. Rotor systems research aircraft predesign study. Volume 3: Predesign report. NASA. 1972. hdl:2060/19720025366. [页码请求]
  4. ^ Bement, L. J. Rotor Systems Research Aircraft Emergency Escape System. 34th Annual National Forum. American Helicopter Society. 1978 [2023-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-24). 
  5. ^ Flemming, R. J. RSRA vertical drag test report. NASA. 1981. hdl:2060/19820024465. [页码请求]
  6. ^ Davis, S. J. Predesign study for a modern 4-bladed rotor for RSRA. NASA. 1981. hdl:2060/19830004795. [页码请求]
  7. ^ Hughes, C. W.; Logan, A. H. Pre-design study for a modern four-bladed rotor for the Rotor System Research Aircraft (RSRA). NASA. 1981. hdl:2060/19820008170. [页码请求]
  8. ^ Bishop, H. E.; Burkam, J. E.; Heminway, R. C.; Keys, C. N.; Smith, K. E.; Smith, J. H.; Staley, J. A. Predesign study for a modern 4-bladed rotor for the NASA rotor systems research aircraft. NASA. 1981. hdl:2060/19820008169. [页码请求]
  9. ^ Warwick, Graham. X-Wing. DARPA 50th Anniversary Gallery. Aviation Week & Space Technology. August 9, 2008 [October 26, 2012]. 
  10. ^ Carlisle, Rodney P. Where the Fleet Begins: A History of the David Taylor Research Center, 1898–1998. Department of the Navy. 1998: 373–9. ISBN 0-160494-427. 
  11. ^ Reader, Kenneth R; Wilkerson, Joseph B. Circulation Control Applied to a High Speed Helicopter Rotor. David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. 2008 [1976]. (原始内容存档于February 2, 2017). [页码请求]
  12. ^ X-Wing scheduled to fly in October (PDF). Flight International. 22 February 1986: 18 [2023-10-20]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-08-15). 
  13. ^ X-wing. [October 26, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-26). 
  14. ^ Darpa ditches X-Wing (PDF). Flight International. 16 January 1988: 2 [2023-10-20]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-19). 
  15. ^ Art Linden, Ken Rosen and Andy Whyte X-Wing页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Sikorsky Historical Archives, March 2013
  16. ^ Ruby Calzada, X-Wing页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), NASA, 03.09.1996

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西科斯基 S-72
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