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和好圣事

天主教的告解室

告解圣事(英语:Penance或者Confession),又称忏悔圣事修和圣事和好圣事天主教现多以此词称呼),为东正教和天主教当中的七件圣事之一。即信徒怀着痛悔之心,向合规的司铎告明自己(领洗后)所犯的罪过,后者代表天主赦免其罪,使之与天主及敎会重修旧好[1]。 天主教十分强调告解圣事的保密性。根据教理, 为保障圣事的神圣性,聆听告解的神父,对听到的罪行有绝对的保密义务,任何情况下不得以任何形式泄露,也不允许作为外在行为领域的任何决策的参考。泄露告解秘密的神父,会自动被绝罚[2][3]

历史

新约圣经》中的若望福音(约翰福音)20:22–23节中,耶稣在复活后对门徒们说:“你们领受圣神罢!你们赦免谁的罪,就给谁赦免;你们存留谁的,就给谁存留。”按照天主教的观点,这是和好圣事的原由[4]

随早期基督教会不断发展,逐渐形成一种看法,即已领受洗礼者如果犯下重罪必须要进行忏悔[5]。最开始,是犯下重罪者在教友面前公开坦白自己的罪过,不过后来公开坦白这种形式被摒弃,逐渐形成了今日的秘密告解制度[6]

中世纪以前,天主教会对于和好圣事态度非常谨慎,一般只会在临终前教友才会领受和好圣事。在教友告明罪过后,经过长时间的补赎,主教重新接纳这名教友进入教会。不过,到中世纪后,教会的态度改变,逐渐形成沿用至今的和好圣事,此后教友可多次领受和好圣事[4]

新教圣公宗信义宗部分派别以外,因否认天主教主张的司铎赦罪权柄,而完全不承认和好圣事的效力。新教普遍认为,只有上帝(天主)有权赦免世人所犯的罪过,因此信友应直接向上帝忏悔,而非经由司铎悔罪。

参考文献

  1. ^ 《天主教法典》959
  2. ^ 什么是泄露告解圣事的秘密 - 天主教小助手. www.xiaozhushou.org. [2019-05-27]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-13). 
  3. ^ 教宗方济各:告解圣事的保密性至关重要 - 梵蒂冈新闻网. www.vaticannews.va. 2019-03-29 [2019-05-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-21) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 治療的聖事─和好聖事. 梵蒂冈广播电台. [2023-12-25]. 
  5. ^ Church Fathers: The Shepherd of Hermas. www.catholicculture.org. 
  6. ^ Poschmann, Bernhard. Penance and the anointing of the sick. Herder history of dogma. 由Courtney, Francis翻译. New York: Herder and Herder. 1964: 60-61. OCLC 2205919. 
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和好圣事
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