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藏王权现

藏王权现

蔵王権现(ざおうごんげん)是日本独特的修验道的本尊。正式名称为金刚蔵王権现(こんごうざおうごんげん)或称金刚蔵王菩萨(こんごうざおうぼさつ)。并非源起于印度,而是日本独有的佛、位于奈良県吉野町金峯山寺本堂(蔵王堂)的本尊较为人知。“金刚蔵王”是究极不灭真理的体现、亦有掌管所有一切之王的含意[2]。权现是指“在日本神佛习合的演化,透过日本神明的名讳进而展现佛教神佛姿态”之意。蔵王権现亦包含了佛、菩萨、诸尊、诸天善神、天神地祇等所有的力量[3]。

缘起

根据传承,藏王权现是役小角吉野金峯山修行中感得。释迦如来千手观音弥勒菩萨三尊之合体,现在吉野山的藏王堂将并立的3尊藏王权现作为本尊祭祀。

神佛习合的教义下,设定与安闲天皇(广国押武金日)为同一神格。因此在明治时代的神佛判然令颁布时,除本山(金峯山寺)所供奉为藏王权现以外,其余的神社所祭祀的大多为安闲天皇

此外在神道中、藏王权现又与大己贵命少彦名命国常立尊日本武尊金山毘古命习合并视为一同。因此大多祭祀藏王权现的神社亦供奉著上述五尊的神明。

神像

藏王权现的形象类似密教的明王像,一般是激烈的忿怒相、怒髪冲天、右手和右脚抬高,右手持三钴杵、左手在腰部结“剑印”。

历史

“金刚藏王”的名称最早出现在平安时代的记录。

神佛习合的教说中,和安闲天皇(广国押建日命)被视为同一神格,明治时代神佛分离之际,祭祀藏王权现的神社的祭神大多改成安闲天皇。

神道之中,藏王权现和大己贵命少彦名命国常立尊日本武尊金山毘古命等习合,被视为同一神。所以,祭祀藏王权现的神社,主要以上记的5组神作为祭神。

另外,宫城县山形县县境的日本百名山之一的藏王连峰(藏王山),是古称刈田岭、不忘山的山岳信仰和歌枕之白凤时代(7世纪后半),从吉野劝请藏王权现,平安时代,作为修验道的修行场被称作藏王山。

主要的藏王权现

金峯山寺

关连项目

参考文献

  • 総本山金峯山寺(著)“山伏・修験道の本尊 蔵王権现入门―蔵王権现のご利益、拝み方、吉野と修験の历史がわかる!”、国书刊行会。
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藏王权现
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