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华氏温标

溫標计,外圈为华氏溫標,内圈则为摄氏溫標。
  使用华氏为单位的国家
  华氏与摄氏都有用的地区
  使用摄氏为单位的国家

华氏溫標(英语:Fahrenheit)是一种溫標符号。华氏溫標的定义是:在标准大气压下,冰的熔点为32℉,水的沸点为212℉,中间等分180份,每等分为华氏1度。

历史

根据德国科学家华伦海特于1724年所写的一篇期刊[1],他使用三个参考溫標来标示他的刻度。将溫標计放入由以及氯化铵所混合而成的盐水中,量的刻度即为零度,因为这是当时能制造出最低溫標的物品。盐水是一种制冷混合物,可以将溫標自动维持在华氏零度。第二个刻度是32度,为将溫標计放恰好有冰形成于表面的水中所量得的刻度。第三个刻度为96度,为将溫標计照含入口中,或夹在腋下时所量得的刻度。华伦海特表示,使用此一刻度,水银约在600度时沸腾。[2]

之后,其他科学家观察到水的沸点比冰点约高180度,并决定重新定义华氏溫標,使得沸点刚好高于冰点180度。[1]因为这个缘故,人体的正常体温也修正成了98.6度,而不是原来的96度。[3]

1970年代以前,英国及其前殖民地国家多使用华氏溫標,20世纪后期,全球绝大多数国家开始向国际单位制转换,使用摄氏溫標替代了华氏溫標,到现在,只有美国开曼群岛伯利兹等极少数国家和地区仍保留华氏溫標为法定计量单位。

在美国,华氏温度普遍使用于日常生活,如天气预报、厨房烤箱冰箱等。美国支持保留华氏溫標的人提出的一个重要理由是它更加精确。与摄氏溫標相比,华氏溫標的一度要比摄氏溫標小,当精确到整数时,华氏溫標比摄氏溫標准确。另外,华氏溫標的0度比摄氏溫標0度要低,在表达常用温度时,通常可以避免出现负数溫標。

换算

公式

溫標间隔

  • 非特异性溫標间隔的转换公式:
例如:

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Fahrenheit temperature scale. Sizes, Inc. 2006-12-12 [2008-05-09]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-11). 
  2. ^ Heath, Jonathan. Why does the Fahrenheit scale use 32 degrees as a freezing point?. PhysLink. [2008-05-09]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-27). 
  3. ^ Elert, Glenn. Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature). Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 2002, 16: 122 [2008]. doi:10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00069.x. (原始内容存档于2010-09-26). 
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华氏温标
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