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膝关节脱位

膝关节脱位
膝关节的X光片,看出有向后的膝关节脱位[1]
症状膝盖疼痛英语Knee pain及膝变形[2]
并发症膝后方的动脉英语Popliteal artery受损,腔室症候群[3][4]
类型前方、后方、侧边、中间、旋转[4]
病因受创[3]
诊断方法依病史及理学检查,再配合医学影像[5][2]
鉴别诊断股骨骨折英语Femur fracture、腿骨骨折、髌骨脱位英语patellar dislocation, 前十字韧带断裂英语ACL tear[6]
治疗复位手术英语Reduction (orthopedic surgery)夹板、手术[4]
预后截肢的风险为10%[4]
患病率每年每十万人中有一人[3]
分类和外部资源
医学专科骨科整形
ICD-11NC93.2
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

膝关节脱位是指股骨胫骨之间的膝盖部位关节严重伤害的症状[3][4]。症状包括膝盖疼痛英语Knee pain及膝不稳[2]。并发症包括膝盖附近动脉的受损(常见的部位是膝腘动脉英语Popliteal artery)或是腔室症候群[3][4][7]

约有五成病例肇因于重大伤害,另有五成肇因于相对较小的伤害[3];膝关节脱位经常在将患者送抵医院前较为缓和[3],通常断裂的会是前十字韧带后十字韧带英语posterior cruciate ligament,不然就是内侧侧韧带英语Medial collateral ligament桡外韧带英语lateral collateral ligament[3]如果踝肱指数低于 0.9,推荐使用电脑断层血管摄影术来确认血管受损[3];不然,反复的进行理学检查就已足够了[2]

如果关节仍为脱位,表明患者需要做复位手术英语Reduction (orthopedic surgery)或使用夹板固定[4],通常需要在施予镇静后,再进行手术[2]。有动脉损伤迹象的患者需要立刻动手术[3];可能会需要进行多次手术[4]。略高出一成的病例会需要截肢掉单腿的一部分[4]

膝关节脱位不常发生,每年在十万人之中仅会出现一位患者[3],通常发生在男性多于女性[2];最常发生在年轻的成年人身上[2]。膝关节脱位最早的记载,可以追溯回公元前 20 年,Meges of Sidon英语Meges of Sidon当时就有留下记录[8]

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Duprey, K; Lin, M. Posterior knee dislocation.. The western journal of emergency medicine. February 2010, 11 (1): 103–4. PMID 20411095. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Boyce, RH; Singh, K; Obremskey, WT. Acute Management of Traumatic Knee Dislocations for the Generalist.. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. December 2015, 23 (12): 761–8. PMID 26493970. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00349. 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Maslaris, A; Brinkmann, O; Bungartz, M; Krettek, C; Jagodzinski, M; Liodakis, E. Management of knee dislocation prior to ligament reconstruction: What is the current evidence? Update of a universal treatment algorithm.. European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie. 22 February 2018. PMID 29470650. doi:10.1007/s00590-018-2148-4. 需付费查阅
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Bryant, Brandon; Musahl, Volkar; Harner, Christopher D. 59. The Dislocated Knee. W. Norman Scott (编). Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee E-Book 5th. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. 2011: 565 [2019-06-22]. ISBN 978-1-4377-1503-3. (原始内容存档于2020-04-05) (英语). 
  5. ^ Lachman, JR; Rehman, S; Pipitone, PS. Traumatic Knee Dislocations: Evaluation, Management, and Surgical Treatment.. The Orthopedic clinics of North America. October 2015, 46 (4): 479–93. PMC 5299179可免费查阅. PMID 26410637. doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2015.06.004. 
  6. ^ Eiff, M. Patrice; Hatch, Robert L. Fracture Management for Primary Care E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2011: ix [2019-06-22]. ISBN 1455725021. (原始内容存档于2020-04-05) (英语). 
  7. ^ Medina, O; Arom, GA; Yeranosian, MG; Petrigliano, FA; McAllister, DR. Vascular and nerve injury after knee dislocation: a systematic review.. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. September 2014, 472 (9): 2621–9. PMID 24554457. doi:10.1007/s11999-014-3511-3. 
  8. ^ Elliott, James Sands. Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine. Creatikron Company. 1914: 76 [2019-06-22]. ISBN 9781449985219. (原始内容存档于2021-05-05) (英语). 
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膝关节脱位
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