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肩脱臼

肩脱臼
Dislocated shoulder
左肩前侧脱臼
并发症前下肩关节盂唇伤害英语Bankart lesion肱骨头后外侧伤害英语Hill–Sachs lesion旋转肌裂伤英语rotator cuff tear腋神经英语axillary nerve受伤[1]
类型前侧、后侧、下侧、上侧[2][1]
病因跌倒时手臂以伸展状态着地,或者是肩膀受到冲击[3]
诊断方法依症状而定,配合X光片确诊[2]
治疗关节复位英语Shoulder reduction三角巾[1][2]
药物程序性镇静和止痛英语Procedural sedation and analgesia、关节腔内注射利多卡因[4]
预后年轻人容易复发[3]
患病率美国每十万人中有24人[1]
分类和外部资源
医学专科急诊医学骨外科
ICD-11NC13.0
ICD-10S43.0
DiseasesDB31231
eMedicine1261802、​395520、​93323、​823277
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肩脱臼(dislocated shoulder)指的是肱骨头脱离肩关节盂的脱臼[2],其症状包括肩痛和关节不稳定[2]。可能并发班卡氏病变英语Bankart lesion(前下肩关节盂唇伤害)、希尔沙克病变英语Hill–Sachs lesion(肱骨头后外侧伤害)、旋转肌裂伤英语rotator cuff tear,也可能同时伤及腋神经英语axillary nerve[1]

肩脱臼的常见原因包括跌倒时手臂以伸展状态着地,或者是肩膀受到冲击[3]。诊断肩脱臼通常从症状出发,并由X光片确诊[2],,并可再细分为前、后、上、下侧脱臼,其中最常见的是前侧脱臼[2][1]

若已确诊,治疗方式为利用对抗牵引法(traction-countertraction)、外旋法(external rotaton)、肩胛推拿法(scapular manipulation)以及Stimson法等方式让关节复位英语Shoulder reduction(reduction)[1],复位后建议仍需再照X光加以确认[1]。在治疗后患臂可能需要以三角巾固定几周的时间[2]。如果是反复性的脱臼,则可能会建议患者接受手术治疗[2]

所有人口中,约有1.7%的人在一生当中会发生一次肩脱臼[3],在美国这约当于每年每10万人中有24人[1],并且占了在急诊室施行主要关节接合术的半数[1]。男性比女性更常出现肩脱臼[1]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Bonz, J; Tinloy, B. Emergency department evaluation and treatment of the shoulder and humerus.. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. May 2015, 33 (2): 297–310. PMID 25892723. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2014.12.004. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Dislocated Shoulder. OrthoInfo - AAOS. October 2007 [13 October 2017]. (原始内容存档于17 June 2017). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cunningham, NJ. Techniques for reduction of anteroinferior shoulder dislocation.. Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA. 2005, 17 (5–6): 463–71. PMID 16302939. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2005.00778.x. 
  4. ^ Wakai, A; O'Sullivan, R; McCabe, A. Intra-articular lignocaine versus intravenous analgesia with or without sedation for manual reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation in adults.. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 13 April 2011, (4): CD004919. PMID 21491392. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004919.pub2. 

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肩脱臼
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