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聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯
PET polymer chain
IUPAC名
Poly(ethyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate)
聚(1,4-二甲苯乙酯)
英文名 Polyethylene terephthalate
别名 聚对酞酸乙二酯;的确良;达克纶;涤纶;聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯;的确凉
识别
CAS号 25038-59-9  checkY
ChemSpider NA
性质
化学式 (C10H8O4)n[1]
摩尔质量 variable g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色或淡黄色透明固体
密度 1.38 g/cm3 (20 °C),[2] 无定形体: 1.370 g/cm3,[1] 单晶: 1.455 g/cm3[1]
熔点 > °C250 °C,[2] 260 °C[1]
沸点 > °C350 °C (decomposes)
溶解性 难溶[2]
热导率 0.15[3] to 0.24 W m−1 K−1[1]
折光度n
D
1.57–1.58,[3] 1.5750[1]
热力学
热容 1.0 kJ/(kg·K)[1]
相关物质
相关单体 对苯二甲酸
乙二醇
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(英语:polyethylene terephthalate,简称PET或PETE),商标名为Dacron[4]、Terylene[5]、Lavsan苏联时代或俄罗斯的确良、涤纶、特丽纶(中国大陆称的确良、涤纶、特丽纶,港澳称的确凉、特丽翎,台湾称达克纶[6],是生活中常见的一种树脂,可以分为APET、RPET和PETG。

化学性质

  • 分子量:一般大于104

树脂性质

宝特瓶的瓶胚
  • 热塑性聚酯,具有优良的坚韧性,拉伸、抗冲击强度、耐磨性,电绝缘性。
  • 由于具有韧性佳、重量轻、不透气、耐酸碱、耐水、耐油等特点,其近年成为汽水、果汁、碳酸饮料、食用油零售包装之常用材质。
  • 收缩率70%
  • 一般PET不耐热。摄氏80度以下可以保持不变形、无毒素释放。
  • 结晶化PET: CPET(Crystalline Polyethylene Terephthalate) 耐高温,摄氏180度以下可以保持不变形、无毒素释放。

用途

塑料分类中,PET的代号是1号,应用广泛:

  • 分子量足够大可纺成聚酯纤维,成品称涤纶,作为工业产品之基础原料。
  • 透过改质或结晶等方式生产之耐热PET则具有不透明及耐高温特性,一般称为CPET(Crystalline Polyethylene Terephthalate)
耐高温摄氏180度以下可以保持不变形,可用于盛装热食,适合制成需要耐高温的食物容器如便当盒、碗盘、杯子、瓶罐、餐具。

制备

安全性

1998年9月,瑞士航空111号班机上的PET隔热层失火而导致空难,全机229人无一生还。 2010年4月出版的《环境健康视角》(Environmental Health Perspectives)中的一篇评论指出,PET可能会在经常性或多重使用的条件下产生内分泌干扰素,并建议对此进行深入研究[7]。其可能的机制包括邻苯二甲酸酯的释出。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 A.K. van der Vegt & L.E. Govaert, Polymeren, van keten tot kunstof, ISBN 978-90-407-2388-9
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Record of Polyethylenterephthalat in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA英语Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 J. G. Speight, Norbert Adolph Lange. McGraw-Hill , 编. Lange's handbook of chemistry 16. 2005: 2.807–2.758. ISBN 0-07-143220-5. 
  4. ^ Dacron is a coined word invented by INVISTA for use as a trademark. https://dacron.com/about-dacron页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ The name Terylene was formed by inversion of (polyeth)ylene ter(ephthalate) and dates to the 1940s. Oxford Dictionary页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Terylene was first registered as a UK trademark in April 1946. UK Intellectual Property Office英语Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom) UK00000646992
  6. ^ polyethylene terephthalate; Dacron - 聚对酞酸乙二酯;达克纶页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - 双语词汇、学术名词暨辞书资讯网 - 国家教育研究院
  7. ^ Sax, Leonard. Polyethylene Terephthalate May Yield Endocrine Disruptors. Environmental Health Perspectives. Apr 2010, 118 (4). PMC 2854718可免费查阅. PMID 20368129. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901253. 

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聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯
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