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罗马问题

庇亚门的陷落

罗马问题意大利语Questione romana)是指在1861年至1929年之间,意大利国家与圣座罗马政治前途问题(National Question)及主权归属而发生的争议。

1861年3月27日,刚建国不久的意大利王国宣布罗马为首都,尽管当时罗马处于教宗国的统治之下。1870年,意大利在教宗庇护九世的反对、以及趁着普法战争爆发法国无力保护教宗之际攻占罗马,导致教宗国名存实亡。此后历任的教宗便拒绝离开教宗寓所所在的梵蒂冈城,以此拒绝意大利对罗马全城的主权,此举便是所谓的“梵蒂冈之囚”。在1929年的《拉特朗条约》解决此问题,并建立梵蒂冈城国以取代教宗国的政治地位。

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罗马问题
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