For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 纤肢龙目.

纤肢龙目

纤肢龙目
化石时期:302–275 Ma
油页岩蜥
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行纲 Reptilia
演化支 真爬行动物 Eureptilia
演化支 卢默龙类 Romeriida
亚纲: 双孔亚纲 Diapsida
目: 纤肢龙目 Araeoscelidia
Williston, 1913
演化支

纤肢龙目学名Araeoscelidia)是个已灭绝的双孔类爬行动物演化支,外表类似蜥蜴。牠们包括纤肢龙油页岩蜥、可能水生的齐椎蜥Spinoaequalis)、还有所知不多的KadaliosaurusZarcasaurus

本演化支被认为是所有后来的双孔类动物的姐妹演化支。

叙述

纤肢龙目是群小型爬行动物,身长不超过1米。外型类似现代蜥蜴,与现代蜥蜴的亲缘关系相当远。纤肢龙类的四肢、尾巴修长,具有两个颞颥孔,使牠们不同于其他早期爬行动物。纤肢龙缺少下颞孔,只有上颞孔,形成类似阔孔亚纲的颅骨。

纤肢龙目的著名属包含:纤肢龙油页岩蜥齐椎蜥Spinoaequalis),上述属已发现较完整的骨骼。AphelosaurusKadaliosaurus只有发现颅后骨骼部分,Zarcasaurus则只有发现一个下颌。

Dictybolos曾经被归类于纤肢龙目,但该研究人员同时将原龙类中龙类归类于纤肢龙目,因此遭到不少的异议。

在2002年,美国奥克拉荷马州曾发现一些新的纤肢龙类化石,但目前仍没有经过科学叙述。

种系发生学

以下演化树来自于deBraga与Reisz(1995年)、Falconnet与Steyer(2007年)的研究:

双孔亚纲

新双孔类

纤肢龙目

齐椎蜥

Araeosceloidea
油页岩蜥科

油页岩蜥

纤肢龙科

Zarcasaurus

纤肢龙亚科

Kadaliosaurus

纤肢龙

Aphelosaurus

地理分布与地层分布

纤肢龙类的油页岩蜥齐椎蜥Spinoaequalis)发现于石炭纪晚期的美国Aphelosaurus生存于二叠纪早期的法国Kadaliasaurus生存于二叠纪早期的德国纤肢龙DictybolosZarcasaurus生存于二叠纪早期的美国。除了纤肢龙目,二叠纪早期的其他双孔亚纲动物只有两个属,生存于德州Apsisaurus奥克拉荷马州山猎蜥

参考资料

  • Carroll, Robert L. Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co. 1988. 
  • Benton, Michael J. Vertebrate paleontology 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 2000. 
  • deBraga, M. & Reisz, R. R. (1995). A new diapsid reptile from the uppermost Carboniferous (Stephanian) of Kansas. Palaeontology 38: 199-212.
  • deBraga, M. & Rieppel, O. (1997). Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 281-354.
  • Brinkman, D. B., Berman, D. S. & Eberth, D. Z. (1984). A new araeoscelid reptile, Zarcasaurus tandyderus, from the Culter Formation, (Lower Permian) of north-central New Mexico. New Mexico Geology 6 (2): 34-39.
  • Credner, H. (1889). Die Stegocephalen und Saurier aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauen’schen Grundes bei Dresden. 8 – Kadaliosaurus priscus Cred. Zeitschrift der deustchen geologischen Gesellschaft 41: 319-342.
  • Evans, S. E. (1988). The early history and relationships of the Diapsida. In: M. J. Benton (ed.), The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Systematics Association Special Volume 35 A: 221-260. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Falconnet, J. & Steyer, J.-S. (2007). Revision, osteology and locomotion of Aphelosaurus, an enigmatic reptile from the Lower Permian of France. Journal of Morphology (abstract of the 8th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology, Paris, July 2007): 38.
  • Gervais, P. (1859). Zoologie et paléontologie française – 2e édition. Bertrand, Paris, 544 pp.
  • Laurin, M. (1991). The osteology of a Lower Permian eosuchian from Texas and a review of a diapsid phylogeny. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 101: 59-95.
  • May, W. J.& Hall, J. D. (2002). Geology and vertebrate fauna of a new site in the Wellington Formation (Lower Permian) of Northern Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geology Notes 62 (2): 63-66.
  • Olson, E.C. (1970). New and little known genera and species of vertebrates from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma. Fieldiana, Geology 18: 359-434.
  • Peabody, F. E. (1952). Petrolacosaurus kansensis Lane, a Pennsylvanian reptile from Kansas. University of Kansas Paleontological Contribution 10: 1-41.
  • Reisz, R. R. (1981). A diapsid reptile from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas. Special Publication of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-74.
  • Reisz, R. R., Berman, D. S. & Scott, D. (1984). The anatomy and relationships of the Lower Permian reptile Araeoscelis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4 (1): 57-67.
  • Swanson, B. A. & Carlson, K J. (2002). Walk, Wade, or Swim? Vertebrate Traces on an Early Permian Lakeshore. Palaios 17: 123-133.
  • Thévenin, A. (1910). Les plus anciens quadrupèdes de France. Annales de Paléontologie 5 : 1-65.
  • Vaughn, P. P. (1955). The Permian reptile Araeoscelis restudied. Bulletin of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology 113: 305-467.
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
纤肢龙目
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?