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油页岩蜥属

油页岩蜥属
化石时期:302 Ma
晚石炭纪
油页岩蜥
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行纲 Reptilia
目: 纤肢龙目 Araeoscelidia
科: 油页岩蜥科 Petrolacosauridae
属: 油页岩蜥属 Petrolacosaurus
Lane, 1945
模式种
堪萨斯油页岩蜥
Petrolacosaurus kansensis
Lane, 1945

油页岩蜥属学名Petrolacosaurus)是种史前爬行动物,身长约40公分长,是已知最早的双孔亚纲爬行动物,生存在晚石炭纪美国堪萨斯州,约3亿200万年前[1]

油页岩蜥可能主要以小型昆虫为食。油页岩蜥有特化、类似犬齿的牙齿,这特征也在兽孔目与较晚的哺乳类身上发现[2]

大众文化

油页岩蜥曾出现在BBC的节目《与巨兽共舞》(Walking with Monsters)。该节目说牠是合弓类蜥形纲动物的共同祖先。牠们与几种巨大节肢动物生活在同一时代,像是巨型中突蛛巨尾蜻蜓、以及属于早期爬行形类原水蝎螈

但是,因为油页岩蜥是种原始的双孔动物,牠们并非基龙异齿龙的共同祖先。爬行动物合弓动物有其他的共同祖先,早在油页岩蜥出现之前,两个演化支已经分开演化。异齿龙的祖先可能是哈普托兽Haptodus),一种原始的合弓动物,生存于3亿年前到2亿8000万年前。油页岩蜥是种原始的双孔动物,头颅的两侧各有两个颞颥孔,可使下颌肌肉附着在上面。哈普托兽只有一个位在眼窝后的颞颥孔

参考资料

  1. ^ Falcon-Lang, H.J., Benton, M.J. & Stimson, M. (2007): Ecology of early reptiles inferred from Lower Pennsylvanian trackways. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 164; no. 6; pp 1113-1118. article
  2. ^ Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 82. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. 
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油页岩蜥属
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