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线性函数

数学里,线性函数(又称一次函数)在不同的领域中有多于一个用途和含意。

初等数学用法

三个线性函数的图形都是直线。红色与蓝色直线的斜率相同。红色与绿色直线的y-截距相同。

在初等代数解析几何线性函数是只拥有一个变数的一阶多项式函数或者是只有常数的函数,因为在直角坐标系中这些函数的图形是直线。所以,这些函数是线性的。线性函数可以表达为斜截式

为常数且);

其中, 斜率y-截距,即函数的图形与y-轴英语y-axis相交y-坐标英语y-coordinate。改变斜率 会使直线更陡峭或平缓。改变y-截距 会将直线向上或下平移

以下三个直线函数的图形展示于图右:

不同时,一次函数经过的象限也不同,见下表:

k的值 b的值 经过象限 图像
第一、二、三象限
第一、三象限
第一、三、四象限
第一、二、四象限
第二、四象限
第二、三、四象限

高等数学用法

高等数学里的线性代数中,线性函数是一种线性映射,是在两个向量空间之间,维持向量加法标量乘法映射

例如我们用坐标向量英语coordinate vector 来表示 ,那么线性函数可以表达成

,当中矩阵

参见

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线性函数
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