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细纹斑马

细纹斑马[1]
化石时期:上新世 – 现代
[2]
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
科: 马科 Equidae
属: 马属 Equus
亚属: 细纹斑马亚属 Dolichohippus
种:
细纹斑马[1] E. grevyi
二名法
Equus grevyi
Oustalet, 1882[4]
分布图

细纹斑马学名Equus grevyi)又名格利威斑马狭纹斑马,是三种斑马中体型最大的一种。分布于非洲肯尼亚埃塞俄比亚[1]。与其他斑马相比,细纹斑马的个子较高,耳较大,斑纹则更加狭窄,差别较为明显,相对而言,细纹斑马与的亲缘关系较接近。细纹斑马与平原斑马(普通斑马)的分布范围有所重叠。

特征

动物园里的细纹斑马

细纹斑马是所有马科动物中最大的一种,体长为2.5-3米,尾长38-75厘米,肩高1.25-1.6米。体重为350-450千克。斑纹及间距都十分窄小,一直到蹄部都有,颈部较宽,下腹部和尾根部没有斑纹。耳很大,呈圆锥形。头部长而窄,形状十分接近。鬃毛较长并竖立。

食性

主要以草为食,同时也吃水果、灌木和树皮。每天60%以上的时间都被用于进食。

行为与繁殖

细纹斑马在行为上与驴有很多相似之处。比如,成年细纹斑马会在短期内组成小规模的种群。成年公斑马以独居为主,其领地范围为2-12 km²,比野驴的范围小些。

肯尼亚的母细纹斑马

领地主要由粪便来划定,母细纹斑马只与本领地内的公斑马交配。这种社会结构适应于细纹斑马生活的干燥的灌木林和平原地区。细纹斑马通过打斗来决定领地和交配权。

细纹斑马的孕期为350-400天,每胎仅产一仔。

保护及现况

目前的状况为濒危,面临的主要威胁来自偷猎。细纹斑马的皮毛可以在市场上卖到极高的价格。同时栖息地的破坏、人类的干扰以及其他动物的竞争,也是细纹斑马数量减少的重要因素。目前全世界野外生存的细纹斑马大约还有2500头左右。[3][5]不过,全世界动物园中的斑马很多都是细纹斑马。

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Grubb, P. Order Perissodactyla. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 631–632. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494.  NLC 001238428. 引用错误:带有name属性“MSW3”的<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次
  2. ^ Equus (Dolichohippus) grevyi. fossilworks.org. [6 April 2018]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-26). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 引用错误:没有为名为iucn的参考文献提供内容
  4. ^ Oustalet, E. Une nouvelle espèce de Zèbre. Le Zèbre de Grévy (Equus revyi). La Nature. 1882, 10 (470): 12–14 [2022-07-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-12). 
  5. ^ Grévy's Zebra Trust. [2010-11-14]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-30). 

延伸阅读

  • Prothero D.R, Schoch R. M, 2003, Horns, Tusks, and Flippers: The Evolution of Hoofed Mammals, The Johns Hopkins University Press
  • Churcher, C.S. 1993. Mammalian Species No. 453. American Society of Mammalogists.
  • Nowak, R.M. and J.L. Paradiso. 1983. Walker's Mammals of the World, Fourth edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, London.
  • Mother-infant behavior of wild Grévy's zebra: Adaptations for survival in semi-desert East Africa. Becker, CD; Ginsberg, JR Animal Behaviour [ANIM. BEHAV.]. Vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1111–1118. 1990.

外部链接

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细纹斑马
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