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纯四度

纯四度
转位纯五度
名称
缩写P4
大小
半音5
音程类别英语Interval class5
纯律4:3
音分
十二平均律500
纯律498
两个呈纯四度的正弦波的叠加波型
播放

纯四度(英文:Perfect fourth,简写:P4,希腊名:diatessaron[1])指音数为2又2分之1的音程,共有五个半音,是纯五度的转位音程,属于完全协和,有时也会用来调音(低音提琴)。

基本介绍

纯四度的等音音程为增三度、倍减五度,十二平均律的比例是纯律音分是498,比例为(即为完全五度的转位:

在大调音阶中,主音-下属音、上主音-属音、中音-下中音、属音-主音,以及中国五声音阶的商-征、角-羽、征-宫,皆是属于纯四度。

纯四度唯一连续出现在于泛音列是第三-第四泛音。

两个音构成纯四度,它们的共振音是根音的往上两个八度,或冠音往上一个五度和一个八度。

爵士乐常常使用数个纯四度,或更动某个古典和弦音使其成为纯四度,构成一个和弦。

古典和弦

播放)纯四度 (a),增四度 (b)和减四度 (c)

很多古典和弦内都有包含纯四度,由于其是完全五度的转位音程,所以I(或i)、IV(或iv)、V级的6、64和弦都会存在。

其他还有ii级6、65和弦,vii级6和弦都有纯四度。

爵士和弦

爵士的和弦通常使用挂留音,如以下例:

(播放)使用ii7-V9-C7的和弦(左) (播放)使用ii7-V9sus-C7的和弦(右,即使用挂留音)
播放三个纯四度所构成的和弦(原为米利顿·纳西门托之作)

参考资料

  1. ^ William Smith and Samuel Cheetham. A Dictionary of Christian Antiquities. London: John Murray. 1875. 
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纯四度
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