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第二信使系统

第二信使(英语:Second messenger)在生物学里是胞内信号分子,负责细胞内的信号转导以触发生理变化,如增殖英语Cell growth细胞分化、迁移、存活和细胞凋亡。因此第二信使是细胞内的信号转导的启动组成部件之一。第二信使分子的例子包括:环腺苷酸(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)、肌醇三磷酸(IP3)、甘油二酯(DAG)和离子(Ca2+)。细胞释放第二信使分子是响应于暴露在细胞外的信号分子 — 第一信使。第一信使是细胞外因子,通常是激素神经递质,如肾上腺素生长激素血清素

厄尔·威尔伯·萨瑟兰(Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.)发现的第二信使,为他赢得了1971年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。萨瑟兰看到,肾上腺素会刺激肝脏肝细胞糖原转化为葡萄糖(糖),但肾上腺素单独不会将糖原转化成葡萄糖。他发现,肾上腺素必须触发一个第二信使—环磷酸腺苷—才把肝脏的糖原转化为葡萄糖。[1]该机制被马丁·罗德贝尔(Martin Rodbell)和艾尔佛列·古曼·吉尔曼(Alfred G. Gilman)详细研究[2][3],他们赢得了1994年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

参考资料

  1. ^ Reece, Jane; Campbell, Neil. Biology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. 2002. ISBN 0-8053-6624-5. 
  2. ^ The Discovery of G Proteins. [2014-10-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-23). 
  3. ^ Signal Transduction in Cells页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nobelprize.org

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第二信使系统
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