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竽

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二十四簧竽小样图，出自清代的《古今图书集成》

竽是中国古代一种气鸣乐器，属自由簧，类似于笙，不过较之为大，到宋已失传。亦有说法云大笙叫做竽，小笙叫做和。竽以竹为苗，以匏为斗^[1]，1972年长沙马王堆一号汉墓中出土实物^[2]，流行于东周平民与贵族阶层。^[3]^[4]在合奏中调音和领奏。^[5]

参考

^ 《周礼‧春官‧笙师》：笙师掌教吹竽、笙。郑玄注引郑司农：竽，三十六簧；笙，十三簧。
^ 湖南省博物馆,中国科学院考古研究所编. 长沙马王堆一号汉墓（上集）. 北京: 文物出版社. 1973-10-01. CSBN 7068·287.
^ 《史记‧卷六十九‧苏秦传》：临菑甚富而实，其民无不吹竽鼓瑟，弹琴击筑，斗鸡走狗，六博蹋鞠者。
^ 《管子‧任法》：钟鼓竽瑟，宫中之乐，无禁圉也。
^ 《韩非子‧解老》：竽也者，五声之长者也，故竽先则锺瑟皆随。

延伸阅读

[在维基数据编辑]

《钦定古今图书集成·经济汇编·乐律典·笙竽部》，出自陈梦雷《古今图书集成》

中国民族乐器

金

石

磬
- 编磬
- 特磬

丝

拨弦	古琴瑟古筝箜篌琵琶柳琴阮月琴三弦秦琴玄琴独弦琴口弦弓琴玎琴

拉弦	提琴胡琴二胡三胡四胡高胡中胡低胡革胡低音革胡板胡京胡京二胡椰胡坠胡潮胡广东二弦壳子弦坠琴大筒大筒弦大广弦擂琴二弦子清胡越胡六角弦喇叭弦头弦秦腔二弦奚琴弓琴拉阮轧筝

击弦	筑扬琴

竹

匏

土

埙
缶
陶角
陶响器
陶鼓

革

鼓
堂鼓
- 花盆鼓
- 小堂鼓
板鼓
排鼓
羯鼓
鼗
搏拊
手鼓
渔鼓

木

其他

越南民族乐器

金

铜鼓
钟
钹
锣钲
弹媒（越南语：Đàn môi）
Song loan（越南语：Song loan）

石

弹石（越南语：đàn đá）

丝

拨弦	独弦琴(弹匏) 越南月琴（英语：đàn nguyệt）(弹月) 越南琵琶越南筝越南三弦（越南语：đàn tam）(弹三) 越南四弦（越南语：đàn tứ）(弹四) 弹低（越南语：Đàn đáy） Tính tẩu（越南语：Tính tẩu）

拉弦	二胡弹二（越南语：đàn nhị）

击弦	越南扬琴（越南语：Đàn tam thập lục）(弹三十六)

竹

越南箫（越南语：Tiêu (nhạc cụ)）
K'lông pút（越南语：K'lông pút）
苗笛

匏

笙
- 竽
芦笙
虔匏（越南语：kèn bầu）
越南角笛（越南语：Tù và）
Khèn bè（越南语：Khèn bè）

革

鼓
帝鼓（越南语：trống đế）
Trống Paranưng（越南语：Trống Paranưng）

木

木鱼
T'rưng（越南语：T'rưng）
生钱（越南语：Sênh tiền）

分类

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