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窝鲁朵八里

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窝鲁朵八里
Орду Балык
窝鲁朵八里西门
窝鲁朵八里在蒙古的位置
窝鲁朵八里
于蒙古的位置
坐标47°25′52″N 102°39′34″E / 47.431111°N 102.659444°E / 47.431111; 102.659444

窝鲁朵八里(Ordu-Baliq;Ordu-Balik)是回鹘汗国的第一个首都,原为突厥汗国首都,其遗址位于今日蒙古国前杭爱省世界遗产鄂尔浑河谷”境内,在后来蒙古帝国首都哈拉和林遗址东北27公里处。

“窝鲁朵八里”一名意思是“宫殿之城”、“军队之城”,又被称作Mubalik或哈喇巴勒哈逊(Karabalghasun,一作哈剌巴剌沙衮),后者意为“黑色之城”,即是今日蒙古国人称呼该遗址所用的名称Kharbalgas(Хар балгас)。该城市建于杭爱山(中国古代称之为于都斤山)山麓,唐代称其为回鹘单于城,辽代称其为卜古罕城窝鲁朵城英武可汗灭突厥后,在原城址上重新建立这座城市,由唐朝和粟特的工匠负责建造。该城有12个巨大的铁制城门,城墙采用褐色的砖石,建有方形的护城河环卫全城。可汗家族居住的宫城前有两个城门和瞭望塔加强警戒。

821年,波斯萨曼王朝使者塔明·伊本·巴希尔访问该城,并留下文字记载,称该城农业发达、商业繁荣,摩尼教很兴盛。840年,回鹘被黠戛斯所灭,此城逐渐被废弃。

1871年,俄罗斯旅行家Paderin首次到访此遗址,并留下文字记载,将他误认为是哈拉和林遗址。1889年,俄罗斯学者尼古莱·雅德林采夫英语Nikolai Yadrintsev首次认定此地为回鹘汗国遗址。此后在1890年和1891年,先后有两位来自赫尔辛基的学者,以及瓦西里·拉德洛夫来此地考察。

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窝鲁朵八里
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