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穆姬

穆姬(约前672年—约前637年),姓,亦称伯姬晋献公齐姜的女儿,太子申生同母,与晋惠公晋文公异母,穆姬姿色秀丽,贤而有义,《列女传》列为贤明卷。

小说《东周列国志》插画:穆姬登台要大赦

生平

归妹于秦

周惠王二十二年(鲁僖公五年,前655年),骊姬非常厌恶穆姬,骊姬为了除去眼中钉,肉中刺,便赶紧将穆姬嫁给秦穆公,赶出晋国,晋献公灭虞国以虞国大夫井伯为陪嫁到秦国。井伯即百里奚

救弟匡君

周襄王七年(鲁僖公十五年,前645年),韩原之战,晋惠公被秦穆公俘虏,穆姬带着儿子太子罃公子弘、女儿简璧,登台履薪欲自焚,使秦穆公没有杀害晋惠公。

渭阳怀思

周襄王十六年(鲁僖公二十四年,前636年),秦穆公派身为太子的秦康公护送晋文公回国,秦康公见到舅舅怀念起已经去世的母亲穆姬,送到渭河北岸时秦康公作《秦风·渭阳》,后世以渭阳比喻甥舅关系。《诗》曰:“我送舅氏,曰至渭阳,何以赠之?路车乘黄。”君子曰:“慈母生孝子。”《诗》云:“敬慎威仪,维民之则。”穆姬之谓也。

评价

  • 《列女传.贤明传.秦穆公姬》:“颂曰:秦穆夫人,晋惠之姊。秦执晋君,夫人流涕,痛不能救,乃将赴死,穆公义之,遂释其弟。”

参考文献

  • 左传》 僖公
  • 《列女传.贤明传》
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穆姬
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