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碘-131

碘-131,131I
基本
符号131I
名称碘-131、I-131、放射碘
原子序53
中子数78
CAS号10043-66-0  checkY
核素数据
半衰期8.0197天
原子量130.9061246(12) u
碘的同位素
完整核素表

碘-131(Iodine-131),也称放射碘(Radioiodine),是的一种放射性同位素原子核内有78个中子,比的稳定核素碘-127的原子核的中子数多4个。碘-131是人工核裂变产物,正常情况下在自然界中不会存在,摄入人体后,会积聚在甲状腺处对人体造成危害。因此各国会针对核能电厂周边住民发放或储备碘片(碘化钾),核灾发生后遭受游离碘辐射暴露时,于4小时内服用可使不具放射性的碘-127在甲状腺里饱和,从而减少甲状腺对放射性碘-131的吸收[1][2][3]

用途

[编辑]

碘-131治疗,也就是利用其特异性被甲状腺细胞吸收,利用碘-131的β衰变释放出的电子的杀伤半径仅为3毫米,可靶向杀死甲状腺肿瘤细胞和甲状腺细胞,可用于甲状腺癌的放疗与甲亢治疗。服用碘-131的病人应该尽可能避开辐射到其他人,尤其是幼儿和孕妇。

碘-131全身显像,是诊断甲状腺癌远处转移的高灵敏检查。一般在服用碘-131之后的第七天与三个月后做SPECT全身显像,如果发现弥漫性放射性摄取碘-131,提示甲状腺癌弥漫性转移或甲状腺癌根治术后残留。

参见

[编辑]
相邻较轻同位素:
130
I
荷兰语Jodium-130
碘-131是
同位素
相邻较重同位素:
132
I
荷兰语Jodium-132
母同位素
131
Te
荷兰语Telluur-131
β
碘-131的
衰变链
衰变产物
131
Xe
β

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 世界衛生組織稱服用碘片應謹慎. 中国评论新闻. 2011-03-16 [2016-05-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-14). 
  2. ^ 食品藥物管理局呼籲民眾勿擅自服用碘片. 中华民国行政院卫生署. 2011-03-16. [永久失效链接]
  3. ^ 輻射傷害之醫療常識. 中华民国行政院卫生署. 2011-03-16. [永久失效链接]
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碘-131
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