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确定双线性形式

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数学中,确定双线性形式双线性形式B使得

B(x, x)

x不是0的时候有固定的符号(或正或负)。

要给出形式定义,设KR实数)或C复数)之一。假设V是在K上的向量空间,并且

B : V × VK

Hermitian形式的双线性形式,在B(x, y)总是B(y, x)的复共轭的意义上。如果

B(x, x) > 0 ,则B被称为正定

对于所有V中的非零x。如果B(x, x) ≥ 0对于所有xB被称为正半定负定负半定双线性形式也类似的定义。如果B(x, x)取正和负值二者,它叫做不定的。

作为一个例子,设V=R2,并考虑双线性形式

这里的, ,而是常数。如果,双线性形式是正定的。如果这些常数中的一个是正数而其他的是零,则是正半定的。如果,则是不定的。

给定一个Hermitian双线性形式,函数

二次形式的确定性定义同的相应定义一样。

内积空间上的自伴随算子A正定的,如果

(x, Ax) > 0对于所有非零向量x

参见

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确定双线性形式
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