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硝石

钾硝石
在显微镜下的钾硝石
基本资料
类别硝酸盐
化学式硝酸钾 - KNO3
性质
分子量101.10
颜色无色、白、灰色
晶系斜方晶系
解理[001] 优 [010] 良
断口参差状
韧性/脆性易脆
莫氏硬度2
光泽玻璃光泽
条痕白色
透明性透明
密度2.1 - 2.11g/cm³

硝石,也称消石、火硝、牙硝(古书上又称茫消或北帝玄珠,焰硝等),是一种天然矿物,主要成分为硝酸钾

其他来源的硝酸钾,以及其他的硝酸盐矿物如智利硝石(硝酸钠)、挪威硝石(硝酸钙)有的时候也被称作硝石。但注意芒硝不是硝酸盐,而是含结晶水的硫酸钠

硝石为透明或白色晶体,属斜方晶系。其摩氏硬度石膏接近,比重2.1, 折射率 nα=1.332, nβ=1.504, nγ=1.504。硝石易溶于水。天然硝石主要见于碱土地区的干燥土壤中,矿泉、和洞穴壁上,由富含硝酸钾的水常年浸润生成。

用途

天然硝石在使用之前,一般需要经过水浸重结晶来提纯。

  • 硝石是黑色火药的成分之一,用来制造炸药、焰火等,也用于焰火中产生紫色火花。
  • 硝石因为含而被用作肥料
  • 陶瓷、玻璃釉彩的成分。
  • 硝石溶解于水制冰。[1]
  • 中药材。《本草纲目》认为硝石“苦寒,无毒,主治五脏积热”(这个时候的硝石是指芒硝(硫酸钠),而不是火硝(硝酸钾)火硝性热),见于紫雪散、大黄硝石汤等成药。

参考

  1. ^ 漲姿勢!古代的冰塊原來是這麼來的!-新華網. big5.xinhuanet.com. [2018-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-10). 

外部

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硝石
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