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矮暴龙属

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矮暴龙属
化石时期:白垩纪晚期,68.5–66 Ma
正模标本头骨
矮暴龙的重建图
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 兽脚亚目 Theropoda
科: 暴龙科 Tyrannosauridae
亚科: 暴龙亚科 Tyrannosaurinae
属: 矮暴龙属 Nanotyrannus
Bakker, Currie & Williams, 1988
模式种
兰斯矮暴龙
Nanotyrannus lancensis

(Gilmore, 1946)
异名
  • 兰斯蛇发女怪龙
    Gorgosaurus lancensis
    Gilmore, 1946
  • 兰斯恐齿龙
    Deinodon lancensis
    Kuhn, 1965
  • 兰斯后弯齿龙
    Aublysodon lancensis
    Charig, 1967
  • 兰斯艾伯塔龙
    Albertosaurus lancensis
    Russell, 1970
  • 兰斯暴龙
    Tyrannosaurus lancensis
    (Gilmore, 1946)
  • 莫氏暗脉龙
    Stygivenator molnari
    Olshevsky, 1995

矮暴龙属名:Nanotyrannus,意为“小型暴君”)又称小暴龙侏儒暴龙,是种暴龙科恐龙,可能是暴龙的未成年体。矮暴龙的化石为一个小型头颅骨(编号CMN 7541),是在1942年由查尔斯·怀特尼·吉尔摩尔(Charles W. Gilmore)发现,并在1946年被叙述、命名为兰斯蛇发女怪龙Gorgosaurus lancensis);蛇发女怪龙现在可能为艾伯塔龙的一种[1]。在1988年,该标本由罗伯特·巴克(Robert T. Bakker)与他的同事重新叙述。初步的研究显示这个头颅骨已经愈合,显示该标本来自于一个成年个体。巴克与他的同事将这头颅骨归类于一个新属,属名为矮暴龙,指的是头颅骨的小尺寸[2]。然而,后来的研究发现一些争议,有些古生物学家不再认为矮暴龙是个有效属;因为这些化石与暴龙处于相同时代,许多科学家认为该化石来自于一个未成年的暴龙个体,尤其是2001年发现了一个名为“珍”的矮暴龙标本之后。矮暴龙最初的标本被估计身长约5.2米。

在2001年,发现了一个更完整的未成年暴龙类化石,这个名为“珍”的标本,与矮暴龙的最初标本属于同一种动物。在2005年,一个关于矮暴龙有效性的会议谈论到位于伯比自然历史博物馆的“珍”标本。数个古生物学家,包含菲力·柯尔(Phil Currie)与Donald M. Henderson认为这个标本的发现,确认矮暴龙是未成年的暴龙个体,或是暴龙的相关种[3][4]。另一方面,彼得·赖森(Peter Larson)继续支持矮暴龙为一个独立的属[5]。“珍”标本的正确科学研究,正由巴克、赖森、以及柯尔等人准备公布中,这研究将有助于决定矮暴龙是个有效属,还是未成年的暴龙,或者是暴龙类中某个已承认属的新种[6]

巴克宣称他相信矮暴龙以小群体方式猎食[7]。在草食性恐龙的骨头上曾发现来自于多只矮暴龙的牙齿[7]


参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Gilmore. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 1946, 106: 1–19. 
  2. ^ Bakker, Williams, and Currie. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria. 1988, 1: 1–30. 
  3. ^ Currie, Henderson, Horner and Williams. On tyrannosaur teeth, tooth positions and the taxonomic status of Nanotyrannus lancensis. The origin, systematics, and paleobiology of Tyrannosauridae. a symposium hosted jointly by Burpee Museum of Natural History and Northern Illinois University. 2005. 
  4. ^ Henderson. Nano No More: The death of the pygmy tyrant. The origin, systematics, and paleobiology of Tyrannosauridae. a symposium hosted jointly by Burpee Museum of Natural History and Northern Illinois University. 2005. 
  5. ^ Larson. A case for Nanotyrannus. The origin, systematics, and paleobiology of Tyrannosauridae. a symposium hosted jointly by Burpee Museum of Natural History and Northern Illinois University. 2005. 
  6. ^ Mortimer, M. Tyrannosauroidea. The Theropod Database. 2004 [2007-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2007-12-20). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Nordquist, Karen. Karen's Komments. Earth Science Club of Northern Illinois. 2004 [2007-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2007-03-25). 

外部链接

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矮暴龙属
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