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致死率

致死率[1](英语:Case fatality rate, CFR),或称病例死亡率(Case fatality ratio)、致命率病死率,在流行病学中指一定时期内某种疾病确诊个案中死亡者所占的比例,这不同于感染者死亡率/比(英语:Infection fatality rate/ratio, IFR),后者指所有感染者中死亡者所占的比例(包括接触病原体但无症状及未确诊病患)[2][3]。例如,每年致死率为9/10000意思是,在特定一年中每10000名被确诊为患某病的患者中,平均有9人因得此病死亡。

对于正处于流行阶段,实时观测之致死率(“死亡人数/确诊人数”)并不是最终准确的致死率,譬如一些确诊病患的死亡滞后,而英国采用“不论原因死亡人数/(死亡人数+28日后生还人数)”之计算方法可修正偏差[2][3]

流行病案例

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2019冠状病毒疾病

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2019冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)的致死率(CFR)因地区的不同相差甚大,依据世界卫生组织,截止2020年8月各国对该病致死率的估计值从低于0.1%到超过25%不等,并强调“出于多种原因,很难对各国估算的CFR进行比较”[2][3]。COVID-19目前正处于流行阶段,并无最终准确的病死率;截止2021年3月28日,依据Worldometer实时数据,经初步修正后的致死率=“死亡人数/(死亡人数+痊愈人数)”约为2.65%[4]

流感

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西班牙流感的致死率2%-3%(也有估计高于10%)[5][6][7]亚洲流感的致死率为0.3%-0.67%(也有估计低于0.2%)[5][8][9][10]香港流感的病死率为0.1%-0.5%[5][11][12],其它流感的致死率则小于0.1%[6]2009年H1N1流感大流行中,甲型H1N1流感(“猪流感”)的致死率约为0.02%[5]

其它

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扎伊尔埃博拉病毒是最致命的病毒之一,埃博拉的致死率可达90%(25%-90%)。[13][14]

狂犬病毒也是极度致命的病毒之一,如果一个未接种疫苗的个体感染狂犬病又未进行预防性治疗的话,人类患上狂犬病的致死率几乎可达100%。[15][16]

朊毒体由于生物性质特殊,由其造成的传染性海绵状脑病致死率是真正的100%,无药可救。

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ case fatality rate (CFR) - 致死率. 国家教育研究院双语词汇. [2022-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-19) (中文(台湾)). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 估计2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的病死率 (PDF). 世界卫生组织. 2020-08-04. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-19) (中文). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Estimating mortality from COVID-19. 世界卫生组织(WHO). [2020-12-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-23) (英语). 
  4. ^ Coronavirus Update (Live). Worldometer. [2020-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2020-03-22) (英语). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Pandemic Influenza Risk Management WHO Interim Guidance (PDF). 世界卫生组织(WHO). 2013. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-27) (英语). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Taubenberger, Jeffery K.; David M. Morens†. 1918 influenza: the mother of all pandemics. Emerging Infectious Diseases (Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). January 2006, 12 (1) [2009-04-17]. ISSN 1080-6059. (原始内容存档于2011-09-03). 
  7. ^ The 1918 Flu Pandemic Was Brutal, Killing More Than 50 Million People Worldwide. NPR. [2020-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-19) (英语). 
  8. ^ Nickol, Michaela E.; Kindrachuk, Jason. A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2019-02-06, 19 [2020-11-15]. ISSN 1471-2334. PMC 6364422可免费查阅. PMID 30727970. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3750-8. (原始内容存档于2020-11-21). 
  9. ^ Jackson, Claire. History lessons: the Asian Flu pandemic. The British Journal of General Practice. 2009-08-01, 59 (565): 622–623 [2020-11-15]. ISSN 0960-1643. PMC 2714797可免费查阅. PMID 22751248. doi:10.3399/bjgp09X453882. (原始内容存档于2020-11-26). 
  10. ^ Hong Kong Flu (1968 Influenza Pandemic). Sino Biological. [2020-11-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-03). 
  11. ^ Hong Kong Flu (1968 Influenza Pandemic). Sino Biological. [2020-11-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-03). 
  12. ^ Li, F C K; B C K Choi, T Sly, A W P Pak. Finding the real case-fatality rate of H5N1 avian influenza. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. June 2008, 62 (6): 555–559 [2009-04-29]. ISSN 0143-005X. PMID 18477756. doi:10.1136/jech.2007.064030. (原始内容存档于2009-10-07). 
  13. ^ 埃博拉病毒病常见问题. 世界卫生组织. [2020-12-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-10). 
  14. ^ Ebola Virus Disease. 世界卫生组织(WHO). [2020-12-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-23) (英语). 
  15. ^ 狂犬病. 世界卫生组织. [2020-12-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-10) (中文). 
  16. ^ Rabies. 世界卫生组织(WHO). [2020-12-30]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-09) (英语). 
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致死率
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