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田午

田齐桓公
统治前374年—前357年
出生前400年
逝世前357年[1]
安葬
不明
谥号
孝武桓公
政权田齐

田午(前400年—前357年),战国时期田氏齐国第三任国君,当时称陈侯午,《竹书纪年》作田侯午,《史记》等后世史料作田齐桓公,完整谥号田齐孝武桓公[2][3],单字谥号为桓公,因与“春秋五霸”之一的姜齐齐桓公小白相同,故史称田齐桓公齐桓公午。又因相传他曾于临淄的“蔡邑”(今山东淄博市临淄区敬仲镇)建宫殿居住,因此也称蔡桓公

生平

田齐桓公本名田午,是太公和与孝大妃之子,史载他“弑其君及孺子喜而为公”,意思是说他杀了兄长田剡而自立。其在位时曾创建稷下学宫,招揽天下贤士,聚徒讲学,著书立说。一时人才荟萃,彬彬大盛,齐宣王时规模达到鼎盛。

相传名医扁鹊曾为他看病,在起病由轻到重衍变时连劝了三次,田午因为讳疾忌医而不听,后来扁鹊再来时,现其已病入膏肓,无法医疗;扁鹊只得转身而退,并连夜逃往秦国,不久田午就病发去世。《韩非子·喻老》有“扁鹊见桓公”的故事,因相传桓公午曾在临淄的“蔡邑”建宫殿居住,所以按当时的习惯又称齐国为蔡国(并非周朝所封真正的蔡国),所以齐桓公又称蔡桓公

在位年与西历对照表

参考资料

  1. ^ 《田齐君主生卒年考》-国学数典页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。
  2. ^ 《陈侯因资锌铭》曰:“隹正六月,癸未,陈侯因资曰,皇考孝武桓公,恭哉,大慕克成。”
  3. ^ 童书业《春秋左传研究》附录 周代谥法 第385页。
前任:
齐侯剡
齐国君主
前374年—前357年
继任:
齐威王
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田午
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