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生态工法

生态工法(Ecological engineering methods),又可能称自然工法,是基于对物种保育、生物多样性、及永续发展的体认而提出的一种新思维和新的施工技术,其内涵包括扬弃因工程建设而阻绝生物迁徙、繁衍的不当措施,并提醒工程师在设计时除考量工程要求之外,亦兼顾生态系统的自然要求。至于如何施工、使用当地的材料等,叫做近自然工法。

近年来生态工法崛起,以近自然工程设计日渐受到大家的重视、推崇及广泛的应用,使开发工程都趋向于对环境保育的重视,加强原生地水土保持的强度,减低及预防天然灾害的发生率,使自然生态环境能永续的利用。[1]

当挖断顺向坡之坡脚时,应以人造边坡或挡土墙或岩锚方式,进行结构补强。且当有安全性顾虑时,不宜使用“近自然工法”。

另一种对于生态工法的定义则是指人类基于对生态系统的深切认知,为落实生物多样性保育及永续发展,采取以生态为基础、安全为导向,减少对生态系统造成伤害的永续系统工程设计。

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生态工法
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