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护土墙

重力形护土墙

护土墙(英语:Retaining wall[1],为一建于斜坡建筑物,用以加固土坡或石坡。防止山崩,防止土块和石块落下,以保护行人和附近建筑物的安全,亦可防止水土侵蚀。护土墙材料可以是石头木材钢铁,有多种形式。护土墙中常有排水设计,以防止水在护土墙后积聚,以免水压过大令护土墙倒塌。[2]

类型

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不同类形的护土墙(由左至右为:重力形、板桩形、悬臂形、地锚式)

重力形

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重力形护土墙(Gravity wall),常为石或石矢建成,以其自身重量所产生的阻力阻挡泥土。优点是便宜而且建造方法简单。

板桩形

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板桩形护土墙(Piling wall),是在泥面打入板桩,再把一方的挖走,常用于挖土工程。

悬臂形

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悬臂形护土墙(Cantilever wall),与重力形相似,但以泥代替了部分石矢作为重力来源,只余下底部悬臂。用钢筋水泥可使悬臂加长,可建更高的护土墙,相对重力形护土墙所用的石矢相对较少。

地锚式

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地锚式护土墙(Anchored wall),利用地锚提供的拉力来与土压力抗衡。

加劲式

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加劲式护土墙(Reinforced Wall),回包式加劲工法为在土壤中铺设加劲材料,借由土壤与加劲材间之互制行为产生摩擦阻力以稳定土体,并借由加劲结构本身的重量,抵抗来自墙体背后的土壤压力或其它应力。

依使用材料而分

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护土墙共有下列四种

石砌护土墙

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砖砌护土墙

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混凝土护土墙

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钢筋混凝土护土墙

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依结构形式而分

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护土墙共有下列六种:

重力墙(gravity wall)

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重力形护土墙(gravity retainingwall)系以纯混凝土或石材所建造而成,其稳定性取决于本身重量以及墙后的土壤。

半重力墙(semigravity wall)

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于重力形护土墙中加上少量的钢筋,可使墙断面尺寸减至最小,此称为半重力形护土墙(semigravity wall)。

悬臂墙(cantilever wall)

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悬臂形护土墙(cantilever retaining wall)系由悬臂与水平底版所组成的钢筋混凝土墙,此墙较经济的高度约为8m。

后撑墙(counterfort wall)

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前撑墙(buttressed wall)

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框式墙(crib wall)

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参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Guide to Retaining Wall Design (PDF). [2009-11-26]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-06-24). 
  2. ^ 防止山泥傾瀉計劃. [2009-11-26]. (原始内容存档于2007-05-17). 

外部链接

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护土墙
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